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This is a review of ($q$-)hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials and their relation to representation theory of quantum groups, to matrix models, to integrable theory, and to knot theory. We discuss both continuous and discrete orthogonal…
We introduce a new family of multiple orthogonal polynomials satisfying orthogonality conditions with respect to two weights $(w_1,w_2)$ on the positive real line, with $w_1(x)=x^\alpha e^{-x}$ the gamma density and $w_2(x) = x^\alpha…
We study the relation between certain non-degenerate lower Hessenberg infinite matrices $\mathcal{G}$ and the existence of sequences of orthogonal polynomials with respect to Sobolev inner products. In other words, we extend the well-known…
The differential systems satisfied by orthogonal polynomials with arbitrary semiclassical measures supported on contours in the complex plane are derived, as well as the compatible systems of deformation equations obtained from varying such…
We use high girth, high chromatic number hypergraphs to show that there are finite models of the equational theory of the semiring of nonnegative integers whose equational theory has no finite axiomatisation, and show this also holds if…
We present an algebraic theory of orthogonal polynomials in several variables that includes classical orthogonal polynomials as a special case. Our bottom line is a straightforward connection between apolarity of binary forms and the inner…
We study bivariate orthogonal polynomials associated with Freud weight functions depending on real parameters. We analyze relations between the matrix coefficients of the three term relations for the orthonormal polynomials as well as the…
A correlation function of the classical orthogonal polynomials is defined and determined. The correlation function obeys a second order difference equation in two variables. The correlation function for the Gegenbauer, Chebyshev and…
In this paper, we study a class of orthogonal polynomials defined by a three-term recurrence relation with periodic coefficients. We derive explicit formulas for the generating function, the associated continued fraction, the orthogonality…
The main difference between certain spectral problems for linear Schr\"odinger operators, e.g. the almost Mathieu equation, and three-term recurrence relations for orthogonal polynomials is that in the former the index ranges across $\ZZ$…
We find solutions for a linear deformation of the symmetric three-term recursion relation. The orthogonal polynomials of the first and second kind associated with the deformed relation are obtained. The new density (weight) function is…
The Goldberg-Ostrovskii problem asks whether finite-order solutions of a linear differential equation inherit the property of completely regular growth (c.r.g.) from its coefficients. While Bergweiler's counterexample demonstrated that the…
The tridiagonal representation approach is an algebraic method for solving second order differential wave equations. Using this approach in the solution of quantum mechanical problems, we encounter two new classes of orthogonal polynomials…
Constrained orthogonal polynomials have been recently introduced in the study of the Hohenberg-Kohn functional to provide basis functions satisfying particle number conservation for an expansion of the particle density. More generally, we…
Given a measure $\mu$ on the unit sphere $\partial\mathbb{B}^d$ in $\mathbb{C}^d$ with Lebesgue decomposition ${\rm d} \mu = w \, {\rm d} \sigma + {\rm d} \mu_s$, with respect to the rotation-invariant Lebesgue measure $\sigma$ on $\partial…
It was recently conjectured that every system of exceptional orthogonal polynomials is related to classical orthogonal polynomials by a sequence of Darboux transformations. In this paper we prove this conjecture, which paves the road to a…
In this paper we derive the bi-orthogonality relations, diagonal term evaluations and evaluation formulas for the non-symmetric Koornwinder polynomials. For the derivation we use certain representations of the (double) affine Hecke algebra…
The Schr\" odinger equations which are exactly solvable in terms of associated special functions are directly related to some self-adjoint operators defined in the theory of hypergeometric type equations. The fundamental formulae occurring…
The following refinement of the Higman embedding theorem is proved: A finitely generated group $R$ is recursively presented if and only if there exists a quasi-isometric malnormal embedding of $R$ into a finitely presented group $H$ such…
A hypergeometric type equation satisfying certain conditions defines either a finite or an infinite system of orthogonal polynomials. The associated special functions are eigenfunctions of some shape invariant operators. These operators can…