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We examine the physical parameters that affect the accumulation of gas in molecular clouds to high column densities where the formation of stars takes place. In particular, we analyze the dense gas mass fraction (DGMF) in a set of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-15 Jouni Kainulainen , Christoph Federrath , Thomas Henning

We analyse the joint distribution of dust attenuation and projected axis ratios, together with galaxy size and surface brightness profile information, to infer lessons on the dust content and star/dust geometry within star-forming galaxies…

We present a new method of tracking and characterizing the environment in which galaxies and their associated circumgalactic medium evolve. We use a structure finding algorithm we developed to self-consistently parse and follow the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-03-02 Ali Snedden , Jared Coughlin , Lara Arielle Phillips , Grant Mathews , In-Saeng Suh

The large amounts of dust detected in sub-millimeter galaxies and quasars at high redshift pose a challenge to galaxy formation models and theories of cosmic dust formation. At z > 6 only stars of relatively high mass (> 3 Msun) are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-09-08 C. Gall , J. Hjorth , A. C. Andersen

Recently, Lanzetta et al. (2002) have measured the distribution of star formation rate intensity in galaxies at various redshifts. This data set has a number of advantages relative to galaxy luminosity functions; the effect of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Rennan Barkana

The earliest evolution of star clusters involves a phase of co-existence of both newly-formed stars, and the gas from which they are forming. Observations of the gas in such regions provide a wealth of data that can inform the simulations…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-12-28 Alison Sills , Steven Rieder , Anne S. M. Buckner , Alvaro Hacar , Simon Portegies Zwart , Paula S. Teixeira

Star formation is a multi-scale, multi-physics problem ranging from the size scale of molecular clouds ($\sim$10s pc) down to the size scales of dense prestellar cores ($\sim$0.1 pc) that are the birth sites of stars. Several physical…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-27 Anna L. Rosen , Stella S. R. Offner , Sarah I. Sadavoy , Asmita Bhandare , Enrique Vázquez-Semadeni , Adam Ginsburg

We review recent advances in the analytical and numerical modeling of the star formation rate in molecular clouds and discuss the available observational constraints. We focus on molecular clouds as the fundamental star formation sites,…

We combine samples of nearby galaxies with Herschel photometry selected on their dust, metal, HI, and stellar mass content, and compare these to chemical evolution models in order to discriminate between different dust sources. In a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-05-09 P. De Vis , H. L. Gomez , S. P. Schofield , S. Maddox , L. Dunne , M. Baes , P. Cigan , C. J. R. Clark , E. L. Gomez , M. Lara-López , M. Owers

We present a sub-grid model for star formation in galaxy simulations, incorporating molecular hydrogen ($\mathrm{H}_2$) production via dust grain condensation and its destruction through star formation and photodissociation. Implemented…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-02 E. Lozano , C. Scannapieco , S. E. Nuza , Y. Ascasibar , V. Springel

Most stars in the Galaxy are believed to be formed within star clusters from collapsing molecular clouds. However, the complete process of star formation, from the parent cloud to a gas-free star cluster, is still poorly understood. We…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-10-23 Elena Gavagnin , Andreas Bleuler , Joakim Rosdahl , Romain Teyssier

Star formation, together with the associated chemical and energy feedback, is one of the most important processes in galaxy evolution. The star formation activity in galaxies defines and affects many of their fundamental properties, such as…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-14 Ezequiel Lozano , Cecilia Scannapieco , Sebastian E. Nuza

Our ability to interpret observations of galaxies and trace their stellar, gas, and dust content over cosmic time critically relies on our understanding of how the dust abundance and properties vary with environment. Here, we compute the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-05-16 Céline Péroux , Annalisa De Cia , J. Christopher Howk

Local starbursts have a higher efficiency of converting gas into stars, as compared to typical star-forming galaxies at a given stellar mass, possibly indicative of different modes of star formation. With the peak epoch of galaxy formation…

We study the global efficiency of star formation in high resolution hydrodynamical simulations of gas discs embedded in isolated early-type and spiral galaxies. Despite using a universal local law to form stars in the simulations, we find…

We offer a simple parameterization of the rate of star formation in galaxies. In this new approach, we make explicit and decouple the timescales associated (a) with disruptive effects the star formation event itself, from (b) the timescales…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Barry F. Madore

(Abridged) The star-formation rate (SFR) quantitatively describes the star-formation process in galaxies. Current ways to calibrate this rate do not usually employ observational methods accounting for the low-mass end of stellar populations…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-06-07 K. M. Dutkowska , L. E. Kristensen

In the last decade, it has become clear that the dust-enshrouded star formation contributes significantly to early galaxy evolution. Detection of dust is therefore essential in determining the properties of galaxies in the high-redshift…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-08-22 Guilaine Lagache

The processes regulating star formation in galaxies are thought to act across a hierarchy of spatial scales. To connect extragalactic star formation relations from global and kpc-scale measurements to recent cloud-scale resolution studies,…

We study giant molecular cloud (GMC) collisions and their ability to trigger star cluster formation. We further develop our three dimensional magnetized, turbulent, colliding GMC simulations by implementing star formation sub-grid models.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-06-14 Benjamin Wu , Jonathan C. Tan , Duncan Christie , Fumitaka Nakamura , Sven Van Loo , David Collins