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We study the sample complexity of learning ReLU neural networks from the point of view of generalization. Given norm constraints on the weight matrices, a common approach is to estimate the Rademacher complexity of the associated function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Mark Sellke

In this paper, we investigate the Rademacher complexity of deep sparse neural networks, where each neuron receives a small number of inputs. We prove generalization bounds for multilayered sparse ReLU neural networks, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Tomer Galanti , Mengjia Xu , Liane Galanti , Tomaso Poggio

It has been experimentally observed in recent years that multi-layer artificial neural networks have a surprising ability to generalize, even when trained with far more parameters than observations. Is there a theoretical basis for this?…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-19 Andrew R. Barron , Jason M. Klusowski

We consider a Gaussian statistical model whose parameter space is given by the variances of random variables. Underlying this model we identify networks by interpreting random variables as sitting on vertices and their correlations as…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Domenico Felice , Stefano Mancini , Marco Pettini

Understanding when neural networks can be learned efficiently is a fundamental question in learning theory. Existing hardness results suggest that assumptions on both the input distribution and the network's weights are necessary for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Amit Daniely , Nathan Srebro , Gal Vardi

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have achieved great success in the prediction of sequential data. However, their theoretical studies are still lagging behind because of their complex interconnected structures. In this paper, we establish a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-06 Xuewei Cheng , Ke Huang , Shujie Ma

Covering numbers of (deep) ReLU networks have been used to characterize approximation-theoretic performance, to upper-bound prediction error in nonparametric regression, and to quantify classification capacity. These results rely on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-04 Weigutian Ou , Helmut Bölcskei

Despite existing work on ensuring generalization of neural networks in terms of scale sensitive complexity measures, such as norms, margin and sharpness, these complexity measures do not offer an explanation of why neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Behnam Neyshabur , Zhiyuan Li , Srinadh Bhojanapalli , Yann LeCun , Nathan Srebro

While metric and similarity learning has been extensively studied from several theoretical perspectives, a rigorous understanding of its generalization performance is still lacking. In this paper, we investigate the generalization behavior…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-19 Junyu Zhou , Puyu Wang , Ding-Xuan Zhou

We develop a novel theoretical framework for analyzing ReLU neural networks through the lens of a combinatorial object we term the ReLU Transition Graph (RTG). In this graph, each node corresponds to a linear region induced by the network's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Sahil Rajesh Dhayalkar

Classical results on the statistical complexity of linear models have commonly identified the norm of the weights $\|w\|$ as a fundamental capacity measure. Generalizations of this measure to the setting of deep networks have been varied,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-24 Ryan Theisen , Jason M. Klusowski , Huan Wang , Nitish Shirish Keskar , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher

Assessing the complexity of functions computed by a neural network helps us understand how the network will learn and generalize. One natural measure of complexity is how the network distorts length - if the network takes a unit-length…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-24 Boris Hanin , Ryan Jeong , David Rolnick

A simple approach is proposed to obtain complexity controls for neural networks with general activation functions. The approach is motivated by approximating the general activation functions with one-dimensional ReLU networks, which reduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Zhong Li , Chao Ma , Lei Wu

This paper considers the growth in the length of one-dimensional trajectories as they are passed through deep ReLU neural networks, which, among other things, is one measure of the expressivity of deep networks. We generalise existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-26 Ilan Price , Jared Tanner

Understanding and certifying the generalization performance of machine learning algorithms -- i.e. obtaining theoretical estimates of the test error from the training error -- is a central theme of statistical learning theory. Among the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sho Sonoda , Kazumi Kasaura , Yuma Mizuno , Kei Tsukamoto , Naoto Onda

Before training a neural net, a classic rule of thumb is to randomly initialize the weights so the variance of activations is preserved across layers. This is traditionally interpreted using the total variance due to randomness in both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-07 Kyle Luther , H. Sebastian Seung

While deep learning is successful in a number of applications, it is not yet well understood theoretically. A satisfactory theoretical characterization of deep learning however, is beginning to emerge. It covers the following questions: 1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Tomaso Poggio , Andrzej Banburski , Qianli Liao

We study the sample complexity of learning neural networks, by providing new bounds on their Rademacher complexity assuming norm constraints on the parameter matrix of each layer. Compared to previous work, these complexity bounds have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Noah Golowich , Alexander Rakhlin , Ohad Shamir

It is well-known that randomly initialized, push-forward, fully-connected neural networks weakly converge to isotropic Gaussian processes, in the limit where the width of all layers goes to infinity. In this paper, we propose to use the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-20 Simmaco Di Lillo , Domenico Marinucci , Michele Salvi , Stefano Vigogna

Network complexity has been studied for over half a century and has found a wide range of applications. Many methods have been developed to characterize and estimate the complexity of networks. However, there has been little research with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-13 Yann Issartel
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