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In 1997, Erd\H{o}s asked whether for arbitrarily large $n$ there exists a set of $n$ points in $\mathbb{R}^2$ that determines $O(\frac{n}{\sqrt{\log n}})$ distinct distances while satisfying the local constraint that every 4-point subset…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Benjamin Grayzel

In this article we introduce a notion of normalized angle for Lorentzian pre-length spaces. This concept allows us to prove some equivalences to the definition of timelike curvature bounds from below for Lorentzian pre-length spaces.…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-09-28 Waldemar Barrera , Luis Montes de Oca , Didier A. Solis

The matching distance is a pseudometric on multi-parameter persistence modules, defined in terms of the weighted bottleneck distance on the restriction of the modules to affine lines. It is known that this distance is stable in a reasonable…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2019-05-29 Michael Kerber , Michael Lesnick , Steve Oudot

We motivate and construct a mathematical theory for the separation of space and time in general relativity. The formalism only requires a single observer and an optional choice of reference frame at each instant. As the splitting is done…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-02-15 Maik Reddiger

Motivated by an intention to apply partial wave analysis to systems containing photons, we construct eigenvectors of the distance of separation between two photons. A choice is made that makes the case of two photons most closely resemble…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-17 Scott E. Hoffmann

This thesis is developed in the context of the spin-foam approach to quantum gravity; all results are concerned with the Lorentzian theory and with semiclassical methods. A correspondence is given between Majorana 2-spinors and time-like…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-12 José Diogo Simão

I show in this letter that it is possible to construct a Hamiltonian description for Lorentzian General Relativity in terms of two real $SO(3)$ connections. The constraints are simple polynomials in the basic variables. The present…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-03-24 J. Fernando Barbero

We define a one-parameter family of canonical volume measures on Lorentzian (pre-)length spaces. In the Lorentzian setting, this allows us to define a geometric dimension - akin to the Hausdorff dimension for metric spaces - that…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-09-26 Robert J. McCann , Clemens Sämann

We deduce Tolman's formula of luminosity-distance in Cosmology from Poincare's definition of light-distance with Lorentz Transformation (LT).In Minkowskian metric, if distance is proper time (as it is often argued) then light-distance must…

General Physics · Physics 2009-07-29 Yves Pierseaux

We refine a recent distributional notion of d'Alembertian of a signed Lorentz distance function to an achronal set in a metric measure spacetime obeying the timelike measure contraction property. We show precise representation formulas and…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-04-03 Mathias Braun

In this paper, we will give a new perspective to the Cameron-Martin-Maruyama-Girsanov formula by giving a totally algebraic proof to it. It is based on the exponentiation of the Malliavin-type differentiation and its adjointness.

Probability · Mathematics 2011-06-08 Jiro Akahori , Takafumi Amaba , Sachiyo Uraguchi

We provide a new proof of the splitting theorems from Lorentzian geometry, in which simplicity is gained by sacrificing linearity of the d'Alembertian to recover ellipticity. We exploit a negative homogeneity (non-uniformly) elliptic…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-10-17 Mathias Braun , Nicola Gigli , Robert J. McCann , Argam Ohanyan , Clemens Sämann

Given two trace class operators A and B on a separable Hilbert space we provide an upper bound for the Hausdorff distance of their spectra involving only the distance of A and B in operator norm and the singular values of A and B. By…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2015-10-20 Oscar F. Bandtlow , Ayse Guven

We obtain the following version of Lidskii theorem. Let L, M, N be p-dimensional subspaces in R^n. Let \psi_j be the angles between L and M, let \phi_j be the angles between M and N, and let \theta_j be the angles between L and N. Consider…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2013-01-15 Yurii A. Neretin

Koplienko gave a trace formula for perturbations of self-adjoint operators by operators of Hilbert-Schmidt class $\mathcal{B}_2(\mathcal{H})$. Recently Gesztesy, Pushnitski and Simon gave an alternative proof of the trace formula when the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2012-04-03 Arup Chattopadhyay , Kalyan B. Sinha

The inner product provides a conceptually and algorithmically simple method for calculating the comoving distance between two cosmological objects given their redshifts, right ascension and declination, and arbitrary constant curvature. The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 Boudewijn F. Roukema

We propose a new algorithm for computing the luminosity distance in the flat universe with a cosmological constant based on Shchigolev's homotopy perturbation method, where the optimization idea is applied to prevent the arbitrariness of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-13 Bo Yu , Zi-Hua Wang , De-Zi Liu , Tong-Jie Zhang

An analogy with real Clifford algebras on even-dimensional vector spaces suggests to assign a couple of space and time dimensions modulo 8 to any algebra (represented over a complex Hilbert space) containing two self-adjoint involutions and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-10-18 Nadir Bizi , Christian Brouder , Fabien Besnard

In the present paper we calculate the Gromov-Hausdorff distance between an arbitrary simplex (a metric space all whose non-zero distances are the same) and a finite metric space whose non-zero distances take two distinct values (so-called…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2019-07-24 A. O. Ivanov , A. A. Tuzhilin

The luminosity-angular distance relation for an expanding universe is given by $D_L=D_A(1+z)^2$. This relation is commonly proven by geometrical considerations from the source point of view assuming an expanding universe. In this note, the…

General Physics · Physics 2023-05-04 Juan De Vicente