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In order perform a large variety of tasks and to achieve human-level performance in complex real-world environments, Artificial Intelligence (AI) Agents must be able to learn from their past experiences and gain both knowledge and an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Andrei Claudiu Roibu

A key task in Artificial Intelligence is learning effective policies for controlling agents in unknown environments to optimize performance measures. Off-policy learning methods, like Q-learning, allow learners to make optimal decisions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Mingxuan Li , Junzhe Zhang , Elias Bareinboim

Advances in deep reinforcement learning have allowed autonomous agents to perform well on Atari games, often outperforming humans, using only raw pixels to make their decisions. However, most of these games take place in 2D environments…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-30 Guillaume Lample , Devendra Singh Chaplot

Explanations for AI models in high-stakes domains like medicine often lack verifiability, which can hinder trust. To address this, we propose an interactive agent that produces explanations through an auditable sequence of actions. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yuhang Huang , Zekai Lin , Fan Zhong , Lei Liu

With the availability of large databases and recent improvements in deep learning methodology, the performance of AI systems is reaching or even exceeding the human level on an increasing number of complex tasks. Impressive examples of this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-29 Wojciech Samek , Thomas Wiegand , Klaus-Robert Müller

This paper introduces a novel method for learning how to play the most difficult Atari 2600 games from the Arcade Learning Environment using deep reinforcement learning. The proposed method, human checkpoint replay, consists in using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-07-19 Ionel-Alexandru Hosu , Traian Rebedea

Explainable reinforcement learning allows artificial agents to explain their behavior in a human-like manner aiming at non-expert end-users. An efficient alternative of creating explanations is to use an introspection-based method that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Angel Ayala , Francisco Cruz , Bruno Fernandes , Richard Dazeley

Artificial intelligence, particularly through recent advancements in deep learning, has achieved exceptional performances in many tasks in fields such as natural language processing and computer vision. In addition to desirable evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Sean Xie , Soroush Vosoughi , Saeed Hassanpour

Reinforcement learning has exceeded human-level performance in game playing AI with deep learning methods according to the experiments from DeepMind on Go and Atari games. Deep learning solves high dimension input problems which stop the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Yue Zheng

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are powerful tools for solving visuomotor decision tasks. However, the trained models are often difficult to interpret, because they are represented as end-to-end deep neural networks. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Sihang Guo , Ruohan Zhang , Bo Liu , Yifeng Zhu , Mary Hayhoe , Dana Ballard , Peter Stone

Self-trained autonomous agents developed using machine learning are showing great promise in a variety of control settings, perhaps most remarkably in applications involving autonomous vehicles. The main challenge associated with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Patrik Hammersborg , Inga Strümke

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has recently led to many breakthroughs on a range of complex control tasks. However, the agent's decision-making process is generally not transparent. The lack of interpretability hinders the applicability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Wenjie Shi , Gao Huang , Shiji Song , Zhuoyuan Wang , Tingyu Lin , Cheng Wu

In this paper we investigate the properties of representations learned by deep reinforcement learning systems. Much of the early work on representations for reinforcement learning focused on designing fixed-basis architectures to achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Han Wang , Erfan Miahi , Martha White , Marlos C. Machado , Zaheer Abbas , Raksha Kumaraswamy , Vincent Liu , Adam White

The demand for more transparency of decision-making processes of deep reinforcement learning agents is greater than ever, due to their increased use in safety critical and ethically challenging domains such as autonomous driving. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Richard Meyes , Moritz Schneider , Tobias Meisen

The excellent performance of Transformer in supervised learning has led to growing interest in its potential application to deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to achieve high performance on a wide variety of problems. However, the decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Hidenori Itaya , Tsubasa Hirakawa , Takayoshi Yamashita , Hironobu Fujiyoshi , Komei Sugiura

We introduce the first deep reinforcement learning agent that learns to beat Atari games with the aid of natural language instructions. The agent uses a multimodal embedding between environment observations and natural language to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-04-20 Russell Kaplan , Christopher Sauer , Alexander Sosa

Much human and computational effort has aimed to improve how deep reinforcement learning algorithms perform on benchmarks such as the Atari Learning Environment. Comparatively less effort has focused on understanding what has been learned…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Felipe Petroski Such , Vashisht Madhavan , Rosanne Liu , Rui Wang , Pablo Samuel Castro , Yulun Li , Jiale Zhi , Ludwig Schubert , Marc G. Bellemare , Jeff Clune , Joel Lehman

Deep reinforcement learning agents have achieved state-of-the-art results by directly maximising cumulative reward. However, environments contain a much wider variety of possible training signals. In this paper, we introduce an agent that…

Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) can be used to learn effective policies for complex tasks, such as Atari games, even from image observations. However, this typically requires very large amounts of interaction -- substantially more,…

The black-box nature of deep reinforcement learning (RL) hinders them from real-world applications. Therefore, interpreting and explaining RL agents have been active research topics in recent years. Existing methods for post-hoc…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Qisen Yang , Huanqian Wang , Mukun Tong , Wenjie Shi , Gao Huang , Shiji Song