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Fluid dynamics accompanies with the entropy production thus increases the local temperature, which plays an important role in charged systems such as the ion channel in biological environment and electrodiffusion in capacitors/batteries. In…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-11-09 Pei Liu , Simo Wu , Chun Liu

The separation of internal energy into heat and work in quantum thermodynamics is a controversial issue for a long time, and we revisit and solve this problem in this work. It is shown that the Hamiltonian plays dual roles for a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-03 Tao Zhou , Jiangyang Pu , Xiaohua Wu

Originally formulated for macroscopic machines, the laws of thermodynamics were recently shown to hold for quantum systems coupled to ideal sources of work (external classical fields) and heat (systems at equilibrium). Ongoing efforts have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-29 Cyril Elouard , Camille Lombard Latune

Quantum batteries are energy storage or extract devices in a quantum system. Here, we present a closed-loop quantum battery by utilizing a closed-loop three-state quantum system in which the population dynamics depends on the three control…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-28 Fu-Quan Dou , Yuan-Jin Wang , Jian-An Sun

We analyse the charging process of quantum batteries with general harmonic power. To describe the charge efficiency, we introduce the charge saturation and the charging power, and divide the charging mode into the saturated charging mode…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-20 Jie Chen , Liyao Zhan , Lei Shao , Xingyu Zhang , Yuyu Zhang , Xiaoguang Wang

Using the quasi-equilibrium Helmholtz energy (qHE), defined as the thermodynamic work in a quasi-static process, we investigate the thermal properties of both an isothermal process and a transition process between the adiabatic and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-07-06 Shoki Koyanagi , Yoshitaka Tanimura

Constraints on work extraction are fundamental to our operational understanding of the thermodynamics of both classical and quantum systems. In the quantum setting, finite-time control operations typically generate coherence in the…

We study a quantum battery (QB) model composed of two atoms, where the charger and battery elements are coupled to a multimode vacuum field that serves as a mediator for energy transfer. Different figures of merit such as ergotropy,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Ming-Liang Hu , Ting Gao , Heng Fan

We investigate the open system dynamics of a micromaser quantum battery operating in the ultrastrong coupling (USC) regime under environmental dissipation. The battery consists of a single-mode electromagnetic cavity sequentially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Maristella Crotti , Luca Razzoli , Luigi Giannelli , Giuseppe A. Falci , Giuliano Benenti

We propose a theoretical model of a fully functional nonreciprocal quantum battery inspired by the architecture of bacterial light-harvesting complexes. We assign functional roles to collective quantum optical subradiant and superradiant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Trishna Kalita , Manash Jyoti Sarmah , Himangshu Prabal Goswami

We consider a central-spin battery where $N_b$ central spins serve as battery cells and $N_c$ bath spins serve as charging units. It is shown that the energy stored in the battery that can be extractable is quantified by the ergotropy, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-01 Jia-Xuan Liu , Hai-Long Shi , Yun-Hao Shi , Xiao-Hui Wang , Wen-Li Yang

We investigate the ability of a homogeneous collection of deferrable energy loads to behave as a battery; that is, to absorb and release energy in a controllable fashion up to fixed and predetermined limits on volume, charge rate and…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-10-07 Daria Madjidian , Mardavij Roozbehani , Munther A. Dahleh

We demonstrate the possibility of a genuine quantum advantage in the efficiency of quantum batteries by analyzing a model that enables a consistent comparison between quantum and classical regimes. Our system consists of $N$ harmonic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 F. Cavaliere , D. Ferraro , M. Carrega , G. Benenti , M. Sassetti

We study the modification of the second law of thermodynamics for a quantum system interacting with a reservoir regarding quantum coherence. The whole system is isolated so that neither energy nor information is lost. It is discovered that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-12 Yu-Han Ma , C. L. Liu , C. P. Sun

Finding a quantum battery model that displays a genuine quantum advantage, while being prone to experimental fabrication, is an extremely challenging task. In this Letter we propose a deceptively simple quantum battery model that displays a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-01 Gian Marcello Andolina , Vittoria Stanzione , Vittorio Giovannetti , Marco Polini

By considering a solvable driven-dissipative quantum model, we demonstrate that continuous second order phase transitions in dissipative systems may occur without an accompanying spontaneous symmetry breaking. As such, the underlying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-24 Julia Hannukainen , Jonas Larson

On the one hand, the dissipated heat of a thermodynamic work extraction process upper bounds the non-predictive information, which the associated system encodes about its environment. Thus, emergent information processing capabilities can…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-09-10 Kai Ueltzhöffer

"A battery powers a device" can be read as "work stored in the battery is being transported to the device." In quantum batteries, the total amount of stored work can be measured by ergotropy, which is the maximal work extractable by unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-20 Rick P. A. Simon , Janet Anders , Karen V. Hovhannisyan

A heat engine undergoes a cyclic operation while in equilibrium with the net result of conversion of heat into work. Quantum effects such as superposition of states can improve an engine's efficiency by breaking detailed balance, but this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-07 Sahand Hormoz

Quantum batteries have attracted significant attention as efficient quantum energy storage devices.In this work, we propose a nonlinear two-photon driving quantum battery model featuring nonreciprocal dynamics that enables a highly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Luxin Xu , Changliang Ren