Related papers: Beyond basis invariants
Models beyond the Standard Model (bSM) often involve elaborate Higgs sectors, which can be a source of CP-violation. It brings up the question of recognizing in an efficient way whether a model is CP-violating. There is a diffuse belief…
We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for all global symmetries of the most general two Higgs doublet model (2HDM) scalar potential entirely in terms of reparametrization independent, i.e. basis invariant, objects. This culminates…
As physics searches for invariants in observations, this paper looks for invariants of probabilistic observation without assuming physical structure. Structure emerges from the basic assumption of science that new information shall lead to…
Three-Higgs-doublet models (3HDM) allow for a novel, physically distinct form of CP invariance: CP symmetry of order 4 (CP4). Due to the large basis change freedom in 3HDM, it is imperative to recognize the presence of a possibly hidden CP4…
I study the weak basis CP-violating invariants in supersymmetric models, in particular those which cannot be expressed in terms of the Jarlskog--type invariants, and find basis--independent conditions for CP conservation. With an example of…
We describe a new, generally applicable strategy for the systematic construction of basis invariants (BIs). Our method allows one to count the number of mutually independent BIs and gives controlled access to the interrelations (syzygies)…
We present CP-odd Higgs-basis invariants, which can be used to signal CP violation in a multi-Higgs system, written in an arbitrary Higgs basis. It is shown through specific examples how these CP-odd invariants can also be useful to…
Although gauge invariance preserves the values of physical observables, a gauge transformation can introduce important alterations of physical interpretations. To understand this, it is first shown that a gauge transformation is not, in…
In a model with more than one scalar doublet, the parameter space encloses both physical and unphysical information. Invariant theory provides a detailed description of the counting and characterization of the physical parameter space. The…
CP-odd invariants are useful for studying the CP properties of Lagrangians in any basis. We explain how to build basis invariants for the scalar sector, and how to distinguish CP-odd invariants from CP-even invariants. Up to a certain…
CP-odd invariants provide a basis independent way of studying the CP properties of Lagrangians. We propose powerful methods for constructing basis invariants and determining whether they are CP-odd or CP-even, then systematically construct…
We identify a fundamental tension between the standard formulation of CP violation and diffeomorphism invariance in general relativity. The effective Hamiltonian approach, while phenomenologically successful, relies on a preferred time…
Usually the 'hidden variables' of Bell's theorem are supposed to describe the pair of Bell particles. Here a semantic shift is proposed, namely to attach the hidden variables to a stochastic medium or field in which the particles move. It…
We discuss the importance of basis invariants in the general 2HDM and how these relates to masses and couplings. We also present a simple, yet powerful technique to translate parameters of the potential into combinations of masses and…
This paper argues that the traditional opposition between determinism and indeterminism in physics is representational rather than ontological. Deterministic-stochastic dualities are available in principle, and arise in a non-contrived way…
There is noticeable consensus among physicists and philosophers that only gauge-invariant quantities can be physically real. However, this insight that physical quantities must be gauge-invariant is not well-reflected in standard approaches…
It is well known that in a generally covariant gravitational theory the choice of spacetime scalars as coordinates yields phase-space observables (or "invariants"). However their relation to the symmetry group of diffeomorphism…
We propose the use of basis invariants, valid for any choice of CP transformation, as a powerful approach to studying specific models of CP violation in the presence of discrete family symmetries. We illustrate the virtues of this approach…
Diffeomorphism invariance is sometimes taken to be a criterion of background independence. This claim is commonly accompanied by a second, that the genuine physical magnitudes (the "observables") of background-independent theories and those…
Multivariate geostatistics is based on modelling all covariances between all possible combinations of two or more variables at any sets of locations in a continuously indexed domain. Multivariate spatial covariance models need to be built…