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We consider the general problem of modeling temporal data with long-range dependencies, wherein new observations are fully or partially predictable based on temporally-distant, past observations. A sufficiently powerful temporal model…

Recent advances in reasoning domains with neural networks have primarily been enabled by a training recipe that optimizes Large Language Models, previously trained to predict the next-token in a sequence, with reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Nikolaos Tsilivis , Eran Malach , Karen Ullrich , Julia Kempe

In naturalistic learning problems, a model's input contains a wide range of features, some useful for the task at hand, and others not. Of the useful features, which ones does the model use? Of the task-irrelevant features, which ones does…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Katherine L. Hermann , Andrew K. Lampinen

The success of Reinforcement Learning (RL) heavily relies on the ability to learn robust representations from the observations of the environment. In most cases, the representations learned purely by the reinforcement learning loss can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Somjit Nath , Rushiv Arora , Samira Ebrahimi Kahou

Reinforcement learning methods are increasingly used to optimise dialogue policies from experience. Most current techniques are model-free: they directly estimate the utility of various actions, without explicit model of the interaction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-09 Pierre Lison

Reinforcement learning is a machine learning approach based on behavioral psychology. It is focused on learning agents that can acquire knowledge and learn to carry out new tasks by interacting with the environment. However, a problem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Hugo Muñoz , Ernesto Portugal , Angel Ayala , Bruno Fernandes , Francisco Cruz

This paper tackles the problem of how to pre-train a model and make it generally reusable backbones for downstream task learning. In pre-training, we propose a method that builds an agent-environment interaction model by learning domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Jun Jin , Hongming Zhang , Jun Luo

Reinforcement learning agents often exhibit unintended goal-directed behaviour outside their training distribution, but we currently lack a principled understanding of how such agents will generalise to novel environments based on their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jason Ross Brown , Edward James Young

We propose a novel Reinforcement Learning model for discrete environments, which is inherently interpretable and supports the discovery of deep subgoal hierarchies. In the model, an agent learns information about environment in the form of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Alexander Demin , Denis Ponomaryov

Deeply-learned planning methods are often based on learning representations that are optimized for unrelated tasks. For example, they might be trained on reconstructing the environment. These representations are then combined with predictor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Hlynur Davíð Hlynsson , Merlin Schüler , Robin Schiewer , Tobias Glasmachers , Laurenz Wiskott

Representation learning algorithms are designed to learn abstract features that characterize data. State representation learning (SRL) focuses on a particular kind of representation learning where learned features are in low dimension,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Timothée Lesort , Natalia Díaz-Rodríguez , Jean-François Goudou , David Filliat

A key goal of unsupervised representation learning is "inverting" a data generating process to recover its latent properties. Existing work that provably achieves this goal relies on strong assumptions on relationships between the latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Kartik Ahuja , Jason Hartford , Yoshua Bengio

Experience replay is one of the most commonly used approaches to improve the sample efficiency of reinforcement learning algorithms. In this work, we propose an approach to select and replay sequences of transitions in order to accelerate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Thommen George Karimpanal , Roland Bouffanais

A generative recurrent neural network is quickly trained in an unsupervised manner to model popular reinforcement learning environments through compressed spatio-temporal representations. The world model's extracted features are fed into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-07 David Ha , Jürgen Schmidhuber

The potential benefits of model-free reinforcement learning to real robotics systems are limited by its uninformed exploration that leads to slow convergence, lack of data-efficiency, and unnecessary interactions with the environment. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Yuchen Wu , Melissa Mozifian , Florian Shkurti

In this work, we investigate an intriguing and prevalent phenomenon of diffusion models which we term as "consistent model reproducibility": given the same starting noise input and a deterministic sampler, different diffusion models often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Huijie Zhang , Jinfan Zhou , Yifu Lu , Minzhe Guo , Peng Wang , Liyue Shen , Qing Qu

Recently, empowered with the powerful capabilities of neural networks, reinforcement learning (RL) has successfully tackled numerous challenging tasks. However, while these models demonstrate enhanced decision-making abilities, they are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Zhengpeng Xie , Yulong Zhang

Model-free reinforcement learning algorithms can compute policy gradients given sampled environment transitions, but require large amounts of data. In contrast, model-based methods can use the learned model to generate new data, but model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Lukas P. Fröhlich , Maksym Lefarov , Melanie N. Zeilinger , Felix Berkenkamp

Training fair machine learning models, aiming for their interpretability and solving the problem of domain shift has gained a lot of interest in the last years. There is a vast amount of work addressing these topics, mostly in separation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Linda H. Boedi , Helmut Grabner

Deep Reinforcement Learning has enabled the learning of policies for complex tasks in partially observable environments, without explicitly learning the underlying model of the tasks. While such model-free methods achieve considerable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Tanmay Shankar , Santosha K. Dwivedy , Prithwijit Guha