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On-policy deep reinforcement learning remains a dominant paradigm for continuous control, yet standard implementations rely on Gaussian actors and relatively shallow MLP policies, often leading to brittle optimization when gradients are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yuexin Bian , Jie Feng , Tao Wang , Yijiang Li , Sicun Gao , Yuanyuan Shi

In sequence generation task, many works use policy gradient for model optimization to tackle the intractable backpropagation issue when maximizing the non-differentiable evaluation metrics or fooling the discriminator in adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-27 Yi-Lin Tuan , Jinzhi Zhang , Yujia Li , Hung-yi Lee

Generating competitive strategies and performing continuous motion planning simultaneously in an adversarial setting is a challenging problem. In addition, understanding the intent of other agents is crucial to deploying autonomous systems…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Hongrui Zheng , Zhijun Zhuang , Johannes Betz , Rahul Mangharam

Decentralized policy optimization has been commonly used in cooperative multi-agent tasks. However, since all agents are updating their policies simultaneously, from the perspective of individual agents, the environment is non-stationary,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Hao Luo , Jiechuan Jiang , Zongqing Lu

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has shown promise in discrete action spaces by eliminating value function dependencies through group-based advantage estimation. However, its application to continuous control remains unexplored,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Rajat Khanda , Mohammad Baqar , Sambuddha Chakrabarti , Satyasaran Changdar

This paper presents a comparative analysis of discrete and continuous action spaces within the contexts of reservoir management and inventory control problems. We explore the computational trade-offs between discrete action discretizations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-05 Sravani Boddepalli , Prathamesh Kothavale

Much of the recent success of deep reinforcement learning has been driven by regularized policy optimization (RPO) algorithms with strong performance across multiple domains. In this family of methods, agents are trained to maximize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Ted Moskovitz , Michael Arbel , Jack Parker-Holder , Aldo Pacchiano

The optimal control of a mechanical system is of crucial importance in many realms. Typical examples are the determination of a time-minimal path in vehicle dynamics, a minimal energy trajectory in space mission design, or optimal motion…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2008-10-09 S. Ober-Bloebaum , O. Junge , J. E. Marsden

Diffusion models have achieved state-of-the-art performance across multiple domains, with recent advancements extending their applicability to discrete data. However, aligning discrete diffusion models with task-specific preferences remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Umberto Borso , Davide Paglieri , Jude Wells , Tim Rocktäschel

The recent remarkable progress of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) stands on regularization of policy for stable and efficient learning. A popular method, named proximal policy optimization (PPO), has been introduced for this purpose. PPO…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Taisuke Kobayashi

We propose a new family of policy gradient methods for reinforcement learning, which alternate between sampling data through interaction with the environment, and optimizing a "surrogate" objective function using stochastic gradient ascent.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-29 John Schulman , Filip Wolski , Prafulla Dhariwal , Alec Radford , Oleg Klimov

Distributionally robust optimal control (DROC) is gaining interest. This study presents a reformulation method for discrete DROC (DDROC) problems to design optimal control policies under a worst-case distributional uncertainty. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-22 Yuma Shida , Yuji Ito

In this work, we investigate the application of Taylor expansions in reinforcement learning. In particular, we propose Taylor expansion policy optimization, a policy optimization formalism that generalizes prior work (e.g., TRPO) as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-16 Yunhao Tang , Michal Valko , Rémi Munos

We introduce a new on-policy algorithm called Rewarded Region Replay (R3), which significantly improves on PPO in solving environments with discrete action spaces. R3 improves sample efficiency by using a replay buffer which contains past…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Bangzheng Li , Ningshan Ma , Zifan Wang

Most reinforcement learning algorithms seek a single optimal strategy that solves a given task. However, it can often be valuable to learn a diverse set of solutions, for instance, to make an agent's interaction with users more engaging, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Wentse Chen , Shiyu Huang , Yuan Chiang , Tim Pearce , Wei-Wei Tu , Ting Chen , Jun Zhu

Flow-based generative models, including diffusion models, excel at modeling continuous distributions in high-dimensional spaces. In this work, we introduce Flow Policy Optimization (FPO), a simple on-policy reinforcement learning algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 David McAllister , Songwei Ge , Brent Yi , Chung Min Kim , Ethan Weber , Hongsuk Choi , Haiwen Feng , Angjoo Kanazawa

In this paper, we propose an efficient implementation of deep policy gradient method (PGM) for optimal control problems in continuous time. The proposed method has the ability to manage the allocation of computational resources, number of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-25 Arash Fahim , Md. Arafatur Rahman

We present Anchored Direct Preference Optimization (ADPO), a policy alignment method derived from first principles of KL-regularized reinforcement learning. Unlike standard approaches that treat the reference policy merely as a regularizer,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Wang Zixian

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is a popular deep policy gradient algorithm. In standard implementations, PPO regularizes policy updates with clipped probability ratios, and parameterizes policies with either continuous Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Chloe Ching-Yun Hsu , Celestine Mendler-Dünner , Moritz Hardt

Autonomous UAV inspection of confined industrial infrastructure, such as ventilation ducts, demands robust navigation policies where collisions are unacceptable. While Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) offers a powerful paradigm for…