Related papers: Demystifying Gauge Symmetry
Wigner found unreasonable the "effectiveness of mathematics in the natural sciences". But if the mathematics we use to describe nature is simply a coded expression of our experience then its effectiveness is quite reasonable. Its…
We analyze approaches to the partial or complete unification of gauge symmetries in theories with dynamical symmetry breaking. Several types of models are considered, including those that (i) involve sufficient unification to quantize…
In these notes the exact renormalization group formulation of the scalar theory is briefly reviewed. This regularization scheme is then applied to supersymmetric theories. In case of a supersymmetric gauge theory it is also shown how to…
Gauge symmetries lead to first-class constraints. This assertion is of course true only for non trivial gauge symmetries, i.e., gauge symmetries that act non trivially on-shell on the dynamical variables. We illustrate this well-appreciated…
Symmetry is a fundamental concept in modern physics and other related sciences. Being such a powerful tool, almost all physical theories can be derived from symmetry, and the effectiveness of such an approach is astonishing. Since many…
The Standard Model of particle physics is built on the principle of local gauge symmetry. This work provides a pedagogical introduction for advanced undergraduates by using quantum electrodynamics (QED) as the simplest example of a gauge…
Quantum field theory has successfully generated a number of general conclusions. It seems meaningful to disclose the logical forms of these conclusions. The present paper reports two results. The first result shows the logic of local gauge…
The Standard Model of particle physics describes electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, which are three of the four known fundamental forces of nature. The unification of the fourth interaction, gravity, with the Standard Model has…
Some conceptual issues concerning general invariant theories, with special emphasis on general relativity, are analyzed. The common assertion that observables must be required to be gauge invariant is examined in the light of the role…
The concepts of symmetry and its breakdown are investigated in two different terms according to whether the resulting asymmetry is universal or only obtained for a special configuration: we shall illustrate this by considering in the first…
We give a general definition of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking which encompasses all the known gauge mediation models. In particular, it includes both models with messengers as well as direct mediation models. A formalism for…
The Higgs mechanism gives mass to Yang-Mills gauge bosons. According to the conventional wisdom, this happens through the spontaneous breaking of gauge symmetry. Yet, gauge symmetries merely reflect a redundancy in the state description and…
Position and momentum enter at the same level of importance in the formulation of classical or quantum mechanics. This is reflected in the invariance of Poisson brackets or quantum commutators under canonical transformations, which I regard…
The gauge field term in the Standard Model Lagrangian is slightly rewritten, suggesting that the three gauge couplings have absorbed factors which depend on the dimensions of the corresponding gauge groups. The ratios of the physical…
In this work I show by a first principles calculation that quantum states describing massive relativistic free spinning particles obey kinematical conditions whose origin can be traced to parity as a good quantum number. These conditions…
We argue that, ideally, the ways to measure magnitudes in non-quantum theories of physics (spacetime, field theory), limit drastically their possible mathematical models. In particular, gauge invariance in the Yang-Mills framework, is a…
Most phenomenologically acceptable supersymmetric models imply breaking of supersymmetry in a separate sector of fields introduced just for this purpose. Supersymmetry breaking is transferred to the Standard Model due to a certain…
Gauge theories are important descriptions for many physical phenomena and systems in quantum computation. Automorphism of gauge group naturally gives global symmetries of gauge theories. In this work we study such symmetries in gauge…
A pedagogical but concise overview of fiber bundles and their connections is provided, in the context of gauge theories in physics. The emphasis is on defining and visualizing concepts and relationships between them, as well as listing…
We present a reformulation of the $U(1)$ gauge theory by eliminating the redundancy inherent in the conventional approach. Our reformulation is constructed on the basis of local field interaction approach to electrodynamics. The gauge…