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The Arcade Learning Environment (ALE) has become an essential benchmark for assessing the performance of reinforcement learning algorithms. However, the computational cost of generating results on the entire 57-game dataset limits ALE's use…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Matthew Aitchison , Penny Sweetser , Marcus Hutter

Reinforcement learning agents have traditionally been evaluated on small toy problems. With advances in computing power and the advent of the Arcade Learning Environment, it is now possible to evaluate algorithms on diverse and difficult…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-11-03 Aaron Defazio , Thore Graepel

For sophisticated reinforcement learning (RL) systems to interact usefully with real-world environments, we need to communicate complex goals to these systems. In this work, we explore goals defined in terms of (non-expert) human…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-20 Paul Christiano , Jan Leike , Tom B. Brown , Miljan Martic , Shane Legg , Dario Amodei

On-screen game footage contains rich contextual information that players process when playing and experiencing a game. Learning pixel representations of games can benefit artificial intelligence across several downstream tasks including…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Chintan Trivedi , Konstantinos Makantasis , Antonios Liapis , Georgios N. Yannakakis

Language-conditioned policies allow robots to interpret and execute human instructions. Learning such policies requires a substantial investment with regards to time and compute resources. Still, the resulting controllers are highly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Yifan Zhou , Shubham Sonawani , Mariano Phielipp , Simon Stepputtis , Heni Ben Amor

Many prediction problems, such as those that arise in the context of robotics, have a simplifying underlying structure that, if known, could accelerate learning. In this paper, we present a strategy for learning a set of neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-06 Ferran Alet , Tomás Lozano-Pérez , Leslie P. Kaelbling

Interactions among individuals in natural populations often occur in a dynamically changing environment. Understanding the role of environmental variation in population dynamics has long been a central topic in theoretical ecology and…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-18 Feng Huang , Ming Cao , Long Wang

A general approach to knowledge transfer is introduced in which an agent controlled by a neural network adapts how it reuses existing networks as it learns in a new domain. Networks trained for a new domain can improve their performance by…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-12-07 Alexander Braylan , Mark Hollenbeck , Elliot Meyerson , Risto Miikkulainen

Many complex tasks can be decomposed into simpler, independent parts. Discovering such underlying compositional structure has the potential to enable compositional generalization. Despite progress, our most powerful systems struggle to…

Imitation learning stands at a crossroads: despite decades of progress, current imitation learning agents remain sophisticated memorisation machines, excelling at replay but failing when contexts shift or goals evolve. This paper argues…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Nathan Gavenski , Felipe Meneguzzi , Odinaldo Rodrigues

We compare the end-to-end training approach to a modular approach in which a system is decomposed into semantically meaningful components. We focus on the sample complexity aspect, in the regime where an extremely high accuracy is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-26 Shai Shalev-Shwartz , Amnon Shashua

One approach for improving sample efficiency in cooperative multi-agent learning is to decompose overall tasks into sub-tasks that can be assigned to individual agents. We study this problem in the context of reward machines: symbolic tasks…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Ameesh Shah , Niklas Lauffer , Thomas Chen , Nikhil Pitta , Sanjit A. Seshia

Motivated by vision-based reinforcement learning (RL) problems, in particular Atari games from the recent benchmark Aracade Learning Environment (ALE), we consider spatio-temporal prediction problems where future (image-)frames are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-12-23 Junhyuk Oh , Xiaoxiao Guo , Honglak Lee , Richard Lewis , Satinder Singh

Unlike popular modularized framework, end-to-end autonomous driving seeks to solve the perception, decision and control problems in an integrated way, which can be more adapting to new scenarios and easier to generalize at scale. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Jianyu Chen , Shengbo Eben Li , Masayoshi Tomizuka

Humans tend to learn complex abstract concepts faster if examples are presented in a structured manner. For instance, when learning how to play a board game, usually one of the first concepts learned is how the game ends, i.e. the actions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Joseph West , Frederic Maire , Cameron Browne , Simon Denman

Because combat environments change over time and technology upgrades are widespread for ground vehicles, a large number of vehicles and equipment become quickly obsolete. A possible solution for the U.S. Army is to develop fleets of modular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-04 Xingyu Li , Bogdan I. Epureanu

Reinforcement learning is a proven technique for an agent to learn a task. However, when learning a task using reinforcement learning, the agent cannot distinguish the characteristics of the environment from those of the task. This makes it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-10 Pieter Van Molle , Tim Verbelen , Steven Bohez , Sam Leroux , Pieter Simoens , Bart Dhoedt

Model-based Reinforcement Learning approaches have the promise of being sample efficient. Much of the progress in learning dynamics models in RL has been made by learning models via supervised learning. But traditional model-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Shagun Sodhani , Anirudh Goyal , Tristan Deleu , Yoshua Bengio , Sergey Levine , Jian Tang

Recent advances in artificial intelligence have been strongly driven by the use of game environments for training and evaluating agents. Games are often accessible and versatile, with well-defined state-transitions and goals allowing for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Benjamin Beyret , José Hernández-Orallo , Lucy Cheke , Marta Halina , Murray Shanahan , Matthew Crosby

The utility of learning a dynamics/world model of the environment in reinforcement learning has been shown in a many ways. When using neural networks, however, these models suffer catastrophic forgetting when learned in a lifelong or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Nicholas Ketz , Soheil Kolouri , Praveen Pilly