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Propensity score weighting is an important tool for comparative effectiveness research.Besides the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPW), recent development has introduced a general class of balancing weights, corresponding to…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-05 Tianhui Zhou , Guangyu Tong , Fan Li , Laine E. Thomas , Fan Li

Treatment effect estimation is a fundamental problem in causal inference. We focus on designing efficient randomized controlled trials, to accurately estimate the effect of some treatment on a population of $n$ individuals. In particular,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Raghavendra Addanki , David Arbour , Tung Mai , Cameron Musco , Anup Rao

Observational studies are often used to understand relationships between exposures and outcomes. They do not, however, allow conclusions about causal relationships to be drawn unless statistical techniques are used to account for the…

Observational studies provide invaluable opportunities to draw causal inference, but they may suffer from biases due to pretreatment difference between treated and control units. Matching is a popular approach to reduce observed covariate…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-17 Xinran Li

In comparative studies, such as in causal inference and clinical trials, balancing important covariates is often one of the most important concerns for both efficient and credible comparison. However, chance imbalance still exists in many…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-30 Yichen Qin , Yang Li , Wei Ma , Feifang Hu

The beneficial effects of treatments vary across individuals in most studies. Treatment heterogeneity motivates practitioners to search for the optimal policy based on personal characteristics. A long-standing common practice in policy…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-06 Xuqiao Li , Ying Yan

We develop methodology for causal inference in observational studies when using propensity score subclassification on data constructed with probabilistic record linkage techniques. We focus on scenarios where covariates and binary treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-04-03 Joan Heck Wortman , Jerome P. Reiter

This paper proposes new nonparametric diagnostic tools to assess the asymptotic validity of different treatment effects estimators that rely on the correct specification of the propensity score. We derive a particular restriction relating…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-11 Pedro H. C. Sant'Anna , Xiaojun Song

In this paper, we present a new way of matching in observational studies that overcomes three limitations of existing matching approaches. First, it directly balances covariates with multi-valued treatments without requiring the generalized…

Applications · Statistics 2019-07-11 Magdalena Bennett , Juan Pablo Vielma , Jose R. Zubizarreta

Recent advances in unbiased learning to rank (LTR) count on Inverse Propensity Scoring (IPS) to eliminate bias in implicit feedback. Though theoretically sound in correcting the bias introduced by treating clicked documents as relevant, IPS…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Nan Wang , Zhen Qin , Xuanhui Wang , Hongning Wang

In many scientific studies, it becomes increasingly important to delineate the causal pathways through a large number of mediators, such as genetic and brain mediators. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a popular technique to estimate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-03-28 Yi Zhao , Xi Luo

Confounding can lead to spurious associations. Typically, one must observe confounders in order to adjust for them, but in high-dimensional settings, recent research has shown that it becomes possible to adjust even for unobserved…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Yujing Lu , Patrick Breheny

This paper studies a penalized statistical decision rule for the treatment assignment problem. Consider the setting of a utilitarian policy maker who must use sample data to allocate a binary treatment to members of a population, based on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-10 Eric Mbakop , Max Tabord-Meehan

Matching estimators for average treatment effects are widely used in the binary treatment setting, in which missing potential outcomes are imputed as the average of observed outcomes of all matches for each unit. With more than two…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-29 Anthony D. Scotina , Francesca L. Beaudoin , Roee Gutman

This paper extends my research applying statistical decision theory to treatment choice with sample data, using maximum regret to evaluate the performance of treatment rules. The specific new contribution is to study as-if optimization…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-10-05 Charles F. Manski

Causal inference is crucial for understanding the true impact of interventions, policies, or actions, enabling informed decision-making and providing insights into the underlying mechanisms that shape our world. In this paper, we establish…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-26 Jingyue Huang , Changbao Wu , Leilei Zeng

Support vector machine (SVM) is one of the most popular classification algorithms in the machine learning literature. We demonstrate that SVM can be used to balance covariates and estimate average causal effects under the unconfoundedness…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-02 Alexander Tarr , Kosuke Imai

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a widely used tool for causal inference in the presence of unmeasured confounders, which uses single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables to estimate causal effects. However, SNPs often…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-29 Ruoyu Wang , Haoyu Zhang , Xihong Lin

Representational Similarity Analysis (RSA) is a popular method for analyzing neuroimaging and behavioral data. Here we evaluate the accuracy and reliability of RSA in the context of model selection, and compare it to that of regression.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-18 Chuanji Gao , Gang Chen , Svetlana V. Shinkareva , Rutvik H. Desai

Bayesian profile regression mixture models (BPRM) allow to assess a health risk in a multi-exposed population. These mixture models cluster individuals according to their exposure profile and their health risk. However, their results, based…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-30 Fendler Julie , Guihenneuc Chantal , Ancelet Sophie