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The contribution of the cosmological constant to the deflection angle and the time delays are derived from the integration of the gravitational potential as well as from Fermat's Principle. The findings are in agreement with recent results…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-12-18 Mustapha Ishak

We describe the statistical properties of light rays propagating though a random sea of gravity waves and compare with the case for scalar metric perturbations from density inhomogeneities. For scalar fluctuations the deflection angle grows…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-30 Nick Kaiser , Andrew Jaffe

By using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, the bending angle of light in a static, spherically symmetric and asymptotically flat spacetime has been recently discussed, especially by taking account of the finite distance from a lens object to a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-29 Toshiaki Ono , Asahi Ishihara , Hideki Asada

As an extension of a previous work in which perihelion advances are considered only and as an attempt to find more stringent constraints on its parameters, we investigate effects on astronomical observation and experiments conducted in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-12-17 Yi Xie , Xue-Mei Deng

We study gravitational lensing and the bending of light in low energy scale (M_S) gravity theories with extra space-time dimensions n. We find that due to the presence of spin-2 Kaluza-Klein states from compactification, a correction to the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Xiao-Gang He , Girish C. Joshi , Bruce H. J. McKellar

The deflection of light in the gravitational field of the Sun is one of the most fundamental consequences for general relativity as well as one of its classical tests first performed by Eddington a century ago. However, despite its center…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-13 Dripto Biswas , Sougato Bose , Anupam Mazumdar , Marko Toroš

The bending angle of light is a central quantity in the theory of gravitational lensing. We develop an analytical perturbation framework for calculating the bending angle of light rays lensed by a Schwarzschild black hole. Using a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Savitri V. Iyer , Arlie O. Petters

We consider a general scalar-tensor theory of gravity and review briefly different forms it can be presented (different conformal frames and scalar field parametrizations). We investigate the conditions under which its field equations and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-02-02 Laur Jarv , Piret Kuusk , Margus Saal , Ott Vilson

Recently, we proposed a generalized Gibbons-Werner (GW) method for analyzing particle trajectories in rotating spacetimes, regardless of their asymptotic behavior [Huang \textit{et al.},…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-16 Yang Huang , Xiangyun Fu , Zhenyan Lu , Xin Qin

Before we discuss the deflection of light in a gravitational field, we give a brief overview of some basic physical formulas on photon properties, generation and propagation. The much debated problems of the redshift and the photon…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Klaus Wilhelm , Bhola N. Dwivedi , Karsten Muller

We study light propagation and gravitational lensing in scalar-tensor theories of gravity by using a static, axisymmetric exterior solution. The solution has asymptotic flatness properties and is reduced to Voorhees's one in the case of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Shin-ei Tsuneishi , Kazuya Watanabe , Tooru Tsuchida

It is known that a relative translational motion between the deflector and the observer affects gravitational lensing. In this paper, a lens equation is obtained to describe such effects on actual lensing observables. Results can be easily…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 M. Sereno

Two different ways of generalizing Einstein's general theory of relativity with a cosmological constant to Brans-Dicke type scalar-tensor theories are investigated in the linearized field approximation. In the first case a cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-02-07 Hatice Özer , Özgür Delice

Equations of light, propagating from quasar to observer on earth, are integrated in the time-dependent gravitational field of the solar system by making use of either retarded or advanced solutions of the Einstein field equations. This…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sergei M. Kopeikin

By using a method improved with a generalized optical metric, the deflection of light for an observer and source at finite distance from a lens object in a stationary, axisymmetric and asymptotically flat spacetime has been recently…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-29 Toshiaki Ono , Asahi Ishihara , Hideki Asada

It has been shown that generalized Einstein-Aether theories may lead to significant modifications to the non-relativistic limit of the Einstein equations. In this paper we study the effect of a general class of such theories on the Solar…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Camille Bonvin , Ruth Durrer , Pedro G. Ferreira , Glenn Starkman , Tom G. Zlosnik

We analyze strong gravitational lensing by a spherically symmetric mass distribution within the Einstein-Straus-de Sitter framework in a spatially open Universe with negative curvature ($k = -1$). Applying the theory to the lensed quasar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-27 Mourad Guenouche

We discuss the generalisation of the Snyder model that includes all possible deformations of the Heisenberg algebra compatible with Lorentz invariance and investigate its properties. We calculate peturbatively the law of addition of momenta…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-04-05 S. Meljanac , D. Meljanac , S. Mignemi , R. Strajn

Large light deflection angles are produced in the strong gravitational field regions around neutron stars and black holes. In the case of binary systems, part of the photons emitted from the companion star towards the collapsed object are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 S. Campana , A. Parodi , L. Stella

We discuss the deflection of light and Shapiro delay under the influence of gravity as described by Schwarzschild metric. We obtain an exact expression based on the coordinate velocity, as first set forth by Einstein, and present a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-10-23 Sina Ataollah Khorasani