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The mass of protoplanetary discs sets the amount of material available for planet formation, determines the level of coupling between gas and dust, and possibly sets gravitational instabilities. Measuring mass of discs is challenging, since…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-14 Benedetta Veronesi , Cristiano Longarini , Giuseppe Lodato , Guillaume Laibe , Cassandra Hall , Stefano Facchini , Leonardo Testi

Recent detailed observations of protoplanetary discs revealed a lot of sub-structures which are mostly ring-like. One interpretation is that these rings are caused by growing planets. These potential planets are not yet opening very deep…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-17 Nelson Ndugu , Bertram Bitsch , Edward Jurua

Current methods to characterize embedded planets in protoplanetary disc observations are severely limited either in their ability to fully account for the observed complex physics or in their computational and time costs. To address this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-21 Alessandro Ruzza , Giuseppe Lodato , Giovanni Pietro Rosotti

In the coming decades, research in extrasolar planets aims to advance two goals: 1) detecting and characterizing low-mass planets increasingly similar to the Earth, and 2) improving our understanding of planet formation. We present a new…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jason H. Steffen , B. Scott Gaudi , Eric B. Ford , Eric Agol , Mathew J. Holman

A major outstanding question regarding the formation of planetary systems is whether wide-orbit giant planets form differently than close-in giant planets. We aim to establish constraints on two key parameters that are relevant for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-29 Kevin Wagner , Dániel Apai , Kaitlin M. Kratter

Measured disk masses seem to be too low to form the observed population of planetary systems. In this context, we develop a population synthesis code in the pebble accretion scenario, to analyse the disk mass dependence on planet formation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-07 Spandan Dash , Yamila Miguel

I present here a new, indivisible planetary science paradigm, a wholly self-consistent vision of the nature of matter in the Solar System, and dynamics and energy sources of planets. Massive-core planets formed by condensing and raining-out…

General Physics · Physics 2013-07-01 J. Marvin Herndon

The formation and evolution of protoplanetary discs remains a challenge from both a theoretical and numerical standpoint. In this work we first perform a series of tests of our new hybrid algorithm presented in Glaschke, Amaro-Seoane and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Pau Amaro-Seoane , Patrick Glaschke , Rainer Spurzem

The mass of solids in a young circumstellar disc may be the key factor in its efficiency in building planetesimals and planetary cores, and dust observed around young T Tauri and Herbig Ae stars can be used as a proxy for this initial solid…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 J. S. Greaves

Stellar mass is a fundamental parameter that is key to our understanding of stellar formation and evolution, as well as the characterization of nearby exoplanet companions. Historically, stellar masses have been derived from long-term…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-05 Mark R. Giovinazzi , Cullen H. Blake

We study the time evolution of two protoplanets still embedded in a protoplanetary disk. The results of two different numerical approaches are presented and compared. In the first approach, the motion of the disk material is computed with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Wilhelm Kley , Jochen Peitz , Geoffrey Bryden

The search for habitable exoplanets and life beyond the Solar System is one of the most compelling scientific opportunities of our time. Nevertheless, the high cost of building facilities that can address this topic and the keen public…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-14 Jacob L. Bean , Dorian S. Abbot , Eliza M. -R. Kempton

The observed sub-structures, like annular gaps, in dust emissions from protoplanetary disk, are often interpreted as signatures of embedded planets. Fitting a model of planetary gaps to these observed features using customized simulations…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-13 Sayantan Auddy , Ramit Dey , Min-Kai Lin , Cassandra Hall

Planets are born from disks of gas and dust, and observations of protoplanetary disks are used to constrain the initial conditions of planet formation. However, dust mass measurements of Class II disks with ALMA have called into question…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-27 Gijs D. Mulders , Ilaria Pascucci , Fred J. Ciesla , Rachel B. Fernandes

The typical product of the star formation process is a binary star. Binaries have provided the first dynamical measures of the masses of pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars, providing support for the calibrations of PMS evolutionary tracks.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Robert D. Mathieu , Andrea M. Ghez , Eric L. N. Jensen , Michal Simon

Recently, Odrzywolek and Rafelski (arXiv:1612.03556) have found three distinct categories of exoplanets, when they are classified based on density. We first carry out a similar classification of exoplanets according to their density using…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-08 Soham Kulkarni , Shantanu Desai

The final orbital configuration of a planetary system is shaped by both its early star-disk environment and late-stage gravitational interactions. Assessing the relative importance of each of these factors is not straightforward due to the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-14 Jassyr Salas , Frank Bautista , Germán Chaparro

Interactions between disc-surrounded stars might play a vital role in the formation of planetary systems. Here a first parameter study of the effects of encounters on low-mass discs is presented. The dependence of the mass and angular…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 S. Pfalzner , P. Vogel , J. Scharwaechter , C. Olczak

To date, several exoplanets have been discovered orbiting stars with close binary companions (a~<30 AU). The fact that planets can form in these dynamically challenging environments implies that planet formation must be a robust process.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Hannah Jang-Condell

We combine the results from several multiplicity surveys of pre-main-sequence stars located in four nearby star-forming regions with Spitzer data from three different Legacy Projects. This allows us to construct a sample of 349 targets,…

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