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In this paper, we explore the feasibility of detecting gravitomagnetic effects generated by gravitational waves, by monitoring the relative orientation of the angular momentum vectors of test particles. We analyze the response of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-15 Yu-Qi Dong , Zhoujian Cao , Yu-Xiao Liu

The detection of gravitational wave signals by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo enables us to probe the polarization content of gravitational waves. In general relativity, only tensor modes are present, while in a variety of alternative…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-06-05 Peter T. H. Pang , Rico K. L. Lo , Isaac C. F. Wong , Tjonnie G. F. Li , Chris Van Den Broeck

The response of a detector to gravitational wave is a function of frequency. When the time a photon moving around in the Fabry-Perot cavities is the same order of the period of a gravitational wave, the phase-difference due to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-01 Zhe Chang , Chao-Guang Huang , Zhi-Chao Zhao

In general relativity, a gravitational wave has two polarization modes (tensor mode), but it could have additional polarizations (scalar and vector modes) in the early stage of the universe, where the general relativity may not strictly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 Atsushi Nishizawa , Atsushi Taruya , Seiji Kawamura

In the general theory of relativity, gravitational waves have two possible polarizations, which are transverse and traceless with helicity $\pm 2$. Some alternatives theories contain additional helicity $0$ and helicity $\pm 1$ polarization…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-03-25 Bruce Allen

The response of Michelson interferometers to weak plane gravitational waves is computed at one order of accuracy beyond the eikonal equation. The modulation of the electromagnetic field amplitude and polarisation are taken into account by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-12 Thomas Mieling

We rigorously analyze the frequency response functions and antenna sensitivity patterns of three types of interferometric detectors to scalar mode of gravitational waves which is predicted to exist in the scalar-tensor theory of gravity. By…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-12-31 Ken-ichi Nakao , Tomohiro Harada , Masaru Shibata , Seiji Kawamura , Takashi Nakamura

The derivation of the response function of an interferometric gravitational wave detector is a paradigmatic calculation in the field of gravitational wave detection. Surprisingly, the standard derivation of the response wave detectors makes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-21 Lee Samuel Finn

Experimental projects using spherical antennas to detect gravitational waves are nowdays a concrete reality. The main purpose of this paper is to give a possible way of interpreting output data from such a system. Responses of the five…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Maria Alice Gasparini

The detection of gravitational waves by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory opens a new era to use gravitational waves to test alternative theories of gravity. We investigate the polarizations of gravitational waves in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-04-02 Yungui Gong , Shaoqi Hou

It was recently suggested that the magnetic component of Gravitational Waves (GWs) is relevant in the evaluation of frequency response functions of gravitational interferometers. In this paper we extend the analysis to the magnetic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-15 C. Corda , S. A. Ali , C. Cafaro

When modified theories of gravity are considered, at most six gravitational wave polarization modes are allowed and classified in tensor modes, the only ones predicted by General Relativity (GR), along with additional vector and scalar…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-29 Loris Amalberti , Nicola Bartolo , Angelo Ricciardone

We compute the expected response of detector arms of gravitational wave observatories to polymerized gravitational waves. The mathematical and theoretical features of these waves were discussed in our previous work. In the present…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-29 Angel Garcia-Chung , Matthew F. Carney , James B. Mertens , Aliasghar Parvizi , Saeed Rastgoo , Yaser Tavakoli

We consider effects of the Earth rotation on antenna patterns of a ground-based gravitational wave (GW) detector in a general metric theory that allows at most six polarization states (two spin-0, two spin-1 and two spin-2) in a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-22 Naoto Kuwahara , Hideki Asada

This document presents a ray-optics analysis of the response of a two-element radio interferometer to the presence of a plane gravitational wave. A general expression for the differential phase observed between the two receiving stations as…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 Kipp Cannon

We study the polarization modes of gravitational waves in general Einstein-vector theory with an arbitrary constant background vector field under a Minkowski background. We compare these polarization modes with those of other vector-tensor…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-06 Xiao-Bin Lai , Yu-Qi Dong , Yu-Qiang Liu , Yu-Xiao Liu

The formalism of the exact six polarization modes of gravitational waves is constructed in terms of both the small metric perturbations and the Newman-Penrose scalars. The obtained formulae are applicable to any metric-compatible gravity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-06-19 Young-Hwan Hyun , Yoonbai Kim , Seokcheon Lee

The response of a gravitational-wave (GW) interferometer is spatially modulated and is described by two antenna patterns, one for each polarization state of the waves. The antenna patterns are derived from the shape and size of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-21 Andrea Virtuoso , Edoardo Milotti

The contribution of gravitational wave (tensor metric) and energy density (scalar metric) fluctuations to the cosmic microwave background polarization is computed by numerically solving the relativistic radiation transfer equations. We find…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-22 Robert Crittenden , Richard L. Davis , Paul J. Steinhardt

The prospects for detection of gravitational waves from precessing pulsars have been considered by constructing fully relativistic rotating neutron star models and evaluating the expected wave amplitude $h$ from a galactic source. For a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-08 J. C. N. de Araújo , J. A. de Freitas Pacheco , J. E. Horvath , M. Cattani