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Diffusion models trained on different, non-overlapping subsets of a dataset often produce strikingly similar outputs when given the same noise seed. We trace this consistency to a simple linear effect: the shared Gaussian statistics across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Binxu Wang , Jacob Zavatone-Veth , Cengiz Pehlevan

Pseudospectral analysis is fundamental for quantifying the sensitivity and transient behavior of nonnormal matrices, yet its computational cost scales cubically with dimension, rendering it prohibitive for large-scale systems. While…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Vladimir R. Kostic , Dragana Lj. Cvetkovic , Ljiljana Cvetkovic

Determinants are useful to represent the state of an interacting system of (effectively) repulsive and independent elements, like fermions in a quantum system and training samples in a learning problem. A computationally challenging problem…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-08-01 A. Ramezanpour , M. A. Rajabpour

This paper investigates the fundamental information-theoretic limits for the control and sensing of noiseless linear dynamical systems subject to a broad class of nonlinear observations. We analyze the interactions between the control and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Ming Li , Fan Liu , Yifeng Xiong , Jie Xu , Tao Liu

Testing for change points in sequences of covariance matrices is an important and equally challenging problem in statistical methodology with applications in various fields. Motivated by the observation that even in cases where the ratio…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-14 Nina Dörnemann , Holger Dette

In this paper we derive tail bounds on the norms of random submatrices with non-uniformly distributed supports. We apply these results to sparse approximation and conduct an analysis of the average case performance of thresholding,…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-12-04 Simon Ruetz , Karin Schnass

This paper describes the Difference-of-Log-Normals (DLN) distribution. A companion paper makes the case that the DLN is a fundamental distribution in nature, and shows how a simple application of the CLT gives rise to the DLN in many…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-14 Robert Parham

The problem of finding large average submatrices of a real-valued matrix arises in the exploratory analysis of data from a variety of disciplines, ranging from genomics to social sciences. In this paper we provide a detailed asymptotic…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-06-17 Shankar Bhamidi , Partha S. Dey , Andrew B. Nobel

Rank estimation is a classical model order selection problem that arises in a variety of important statistical signal and array processing systems, yet is addressed relatively infrequently in the extant literature. Here we present sample…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-08-25 Patrick O. Perry , Patrick J. Wolfe

We provide finite-sample distribution approximations, that are uniform in the parameter, for inference in linear mixed models. Focus is on variances and covariances of random effects in cases where existing theory fails because their…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Karl Oskar Ekvall , Matteo Bottai

Many-body stochastic processes with weighted multiplicative interactions are investigated analytically and numerically. An interaction rate between particles with quantities $x, y$ is controlled by a homogeneous symmetric kernel $K(x, y)…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Akihiro Fujihara , Satoshi Tanimoto , Toshiya Ohtsuki , Hiroshi Yamamoto

Covariance estimation becomes challenging in the regime where the number p of variables outstrips the number n of samples available to construct the estimate. One way to circumvent this problem is to assume that the covariance matrix is…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-06-14 Richard Y. Chen , Alex Gittens , Joel A. Tropp

Given a linear dynamical system, we consider the problem of constructing an approximate system using only a subset of the sensors out of the total set such that the observability Gramian of the new system is approximately equal to that of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-11-08 Shaunak D. Bopardikar

Motivated by the spurious variance loss encountered during covariance propagation in atmospheric and other large-scale data assimilation systems, we consider the problem for state dynamics governed by the continuity and related hyperbolic…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-09-07 Shay Gilpin , Tomoko Matsuo , Stephen E. Cohn

This paper studies the impact of bootstrap procedure on the eigenvalue distributions of the sample covariance matrix under a high-dimensional factor structure. We provide asymptotic distributions for the top eigenvalues of bootstrapped…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-11-21 Long Yu , Peng Zhao , Wang Zhou

We give an algorithm for learning a mixture of {\em unstructured} distributions. This problem arises in various unsupervised learning scenarios, for example in learning {\em topic models} from a corpus of documents spanning several topics.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-09-19 Yuval Rabani , Leonard Schulman , Chaitanya Swamy

The problem of estimating an unknown discrete distribution from its samples is a fundamental tenet of statistical learning. Over the past decade, it attracted significant research effort and has been solved for a variety of divergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Yi Hao , Alon Orlitsky , Venkatadheeraj Pichapati

The problem of estimating a normal covariance matrix is considered from a decision-theoretic point of view, where the dimension of the covariance matrix is larger than the sample size. This paper addresses not only the nonsingular case but…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-06-03 Hisayuki Tsukuma

For ordinary matrix models, the eigenvalue probability density decays rapidly as one goes to infinity, in other words, has "short tails". This ensures that all the multiple trace correlators (multipoint moments) are convergent and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-12-15 A. Mironov , A. Morozov , A. Popolitov

A $k$-modal probability distribution over the discrete domain $\{1,...,n\}$ is one whose histogram has at most $k$ "peaks" and "valleys." Such distributions are natural generalizations of monotone ($k=0$) and unimodal ($k=1$) probability…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-09-16 Constantinos Daskalakis , Ilias Diakonikolas , Rocco A. Servedio