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We attach a ring of sequences to each number from a certain class of extremal real numbers, and we study the properties of this ring both from an analytic point of view by exhibiting elements with specific behaviors, and also from an…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-01-07 Damien Roy , Eric Villani

Potential theory for rational approximation is reviewed by means of examples computed with the AAA algorithm.

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Lloyd N. Trefethen

We introduce a hierarchical classification of theories that describe systems with fundamentally limited information content. This property is introduced in an operational way and gives rise to the existence of mutually complementary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-27 Tomasz Paterek , Borivoje Dakic , Caslav Brukner

In this paper, we explore connections between interpretable machine learning and learning theory through the lens of local approximation explanations. First, we tackle the traditional problem of performance generalization and bound the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Jeffrey Li , Vaishnavh Nagarajan , Gregory Plumb , Ameet Talwalkar

The theory of abstract convexity, also known as convexity without linearity, is an extension of the classical convex analysis. There are a number of remarkable results, mostly concerning duality, and some numerical methods, however, this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-20 Reinier Díaz Millán , Nadezda Sukhorukova , Julien Ugon

We introduce the notion of {\it approximation type} for the partial, and in certain cases the total description of extensions of a given valuation from a field $K$ to the rational function field $K(x)$. To every extension, a unique…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2021-11-23 Franz-Viktor Kuhlmann

Some class of sums which naturally include the sums of powers of integers is considered. A number of conjectures concerning a representation of these sums is made.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-02 Andrei K. Svinin

Axiomatizing mathematical structures is a goal of Mathematical Logic. Axiomatizability of the theories of some structures have turned out to be quite difficult and challenging, and some remain open. However axiomatization of some…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-11-30 Saeed Salehi

This article is an introduction to the basic generalized category theory used in recent work on an extension of the theory of categories and categorical logic, including parts of topos theory. We discuss functors, equivalences, natural…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-27 Lucius T. Schoenbaum

Although an input distribution may not majorize a target distribution, it may majorize a distribution which is close to the target. Here we introduce a notion of approximate majorization. For any distribution, and given a distance $\delta$,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-25 Michał Horodecki , Jonathan Oppenheim , Carlo Sparaciari

In the paper, notions of relative separability for hypergraphs of models of a theory are defined. Properties of these notions and applications to ordered theories are studied: characterizations of relative separability both in a general…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-02-23 Beibut Kulpeshov , Sergey Sudoplatov

We investigate the position that foundational theories should be modelled on ordinary computability. In this context, we investigate the metamathematics of $\Sigma$ formulas. We consider theories whose axioms are implications between…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-07-25 Andre Kornell

We generalize the correspondence between theories and monads with arities of arXiv:1101.3064 to $\infty$-categories. Additionally, we introduce the notion of complete theories that is unique to the $\infty$-categorical case and provide a…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-01 Roman Kositsyn

An overview is given of the methods for treating complicated problems without small parameters, when the standard perturbation theory based on the existence of small parameters becomes useless. Such complicated problems are typical of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-07-19 V. I. Yukalov , E. P. Yukalova

We analyze the notion that physical theories are quantitative and testable by observations in experiments. This leads us to propose a new, Bayesian, interpretation of probabilities in physics that unifies their current use in classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Francis G. Perey

We study the structure of families of theories in the language of arithmetic extended to allow these families to refer to one another and to themselves. If a theory contains schemata expressing its own truth and expressing a specific Turing…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-08-27 Samuel Allen Alexander

The book gives a detailed exposition of basic concepts and results of a theory of processes. The presentation of theoretical concepts and results is accompanied with illustrations of their application to solving various problems of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-09-14 Andrew M. Mironov

The aim of this paper is to study the characteristics of a general method to produce a new approximation sequence from a given one, by using suitable convex combinations.

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Lorenzo D'Ambrosio , Elisabetta Mangino

We construct the ordinary irreducible representations of the group of automorphisms of a finite rooted tree and we get a natural parametrization of them. To achieve this goals, we introduce and study the combinatorics of tree compositions,…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-15 Fabio Scarabotti

We overview results on the topic of Poisson approximation that are missed in existing surveys. The topic of Poisson approximation to the distribution of a sum of integer-valued random variables is presented as well. We do not restrict…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-04-12 S. Y. Novak