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In a 1985 commentary to his collected works, Kolmogorov remarked that his 1932 paper "was written in hope that with time, the logic of solution of problems [i.e., intuitionistic logic] will become a permanent part of a [standard] course of…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-10-04 Sergey A. Melikhov

Heyting-Lewis Logic is the extension of intuitionistic propositional logic with a strict implication connective that satisfies the constructive counterparts of axioms for strict implication provable in classical modal logics. Variants of…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-03-02 Jim de Groot , Tadeusz Litak , Dirk Pattinson

A canonical result in model theory is the homomorphism preservation theorem (h.p.t.) which states that a first-order formula is preserved under homomorphisms iff it is equivalent to an existential-positive formula, standardly proved via a…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-01-14 James Carr

Prompting-based large language models (LLMs) are surprisingly powerful at generating natural language reasoning steps or Chains-of-Thoughts (CoT) for multi-step question answering (QA). They struggle, however, when the necessary knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Harsh Trivedi , Niranjan Balasubramanian , Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal

Curry-Howard correspondences between Linear Logic (LL) and session types provide a firm foundation for concurrent processes. As the correspondences hold for intuitionistic and classic versions of LL (ILL and CLL), we obtain two different…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Juan C. Jaramillo , Dan Frumin , Jorge A. Pérez

Dedukti is a very expressive logical framework which unlike most frameworks, such as the Edinburgh Logical Framework (LF), allows for the representation of computation alongside deduction. However, unlike LF encodings, Dedukti encodings…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Thiago Felicissimo

We introduce the notion of a logical model category which is a Quillen model category satisfying some additional conditions. Those conditions provide enough expressive power that one can soundly interpret dependent products and sums in it.…

Logic · Mathematics 2012-08-30 Peter Arndt , Chris Kapulkin

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has significantly improved the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, conventional CoT often relies on unstructured, flat reasoning chains that suffer from redundancy and suboptimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Xingshuai Huang , Derek Li , Bahareh Nikpour , Parsa Omidi

In-Context Learning (ICL) in Large Language Models (LLM) has emerged as the dominant technique for performing natural language tasks, as it does not require updating the model parameters with gradient-based methods. ICL promises to "adapt"…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Georgios Chochlakis , Niyantha Maruthu Pandiyan , Kristina Lerman , Shrikanth Narayanan

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting is a popular in-context learning (ICL) approach for large language models (LLMs), especially when tackling complex reasoning tasks. Traditional ICL approaches construct prompts using examples that contain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Zifan Xu , Haozhu Wang , Dmitriy Bespalov , Xian Wu , Peter Stone , Yanjun Qi

We propose \textbf{Cognitive Load Traces} (CLTs) as a mid-level interpretability framework for deep models, inspired by Cognitive Load Theory in human cognition. CLTs are defined as symbolic, temporally varying functions that quantify…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Dong Liu , Yanxuan Yu

We introduce the logic $\sf ITL^e$, an intuitionistic temporal logic based on structures $(W,\preccurlyeq,S)$, where $\preccurlyeq$ is used to interpret intuitionistic implication and $S$ is a $\preccurlyeq$-monotone function used to…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-04-11 Joseph Boudou , Martín Diéguez , David Fernández-Duque

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) is widely applied to enhance the LLM capability in math, coding and reasoning tasks. However, its performance is limited for open-domain tasks, when there are no clearly defined reasoning steps or logical transitions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Qingqing Gu , Dan Wang , Yue Zhao , Xiaoyu Wang , Zhonglin Jiang , Yong Chen , Hongyan Li , Luo Ji

Guarded recursion is a powerful modal approach to recursion that can be seen as an abstract form of step-indexing. It is currently used extensively in separation logic to model programming languages with advanced features by solving domain…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Magnus Baunsgaard Kristensen , Rasmus Ejlers Møgelberg , Andrea Vezzosi

We formalise the pi-calculus using the nominal datatype package, based on ideas from the nominal logic by Pitts et al., and demonstrate an implementation in Isabelle/HOL. The purpose is to derive powerful induction rules for the semantics…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Jesper Bengtson , Joachim Parrow

Ext groups are fundamental homological invariants which have important applications in homotopy theory and algebra. In particular, they appear in the classical universal coefficient theorem, a key computational tool in homotopy theory.…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-12-02 J. Daniel Christensen , Jarl G. Taxerås Flaten

Propositional Typicality Logic (PTL) is a recently proposed logic, obtained by enriching classical propositional logic with a typicality operator capturing the most typical (alias normal or conventional) situations in which a given sentence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-05 Richard Booth , Giovanni Casini , Thomas Meyer , Ivan Varzinczak

Many natural combinatorial quantities can be expressed by counting the number of homomorphisms to a fixed relational structure. For example, the number of 3-colorings of an undirected graph $G$ is equal to the number of homomorphisms from…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Hubie Chen

We explore a quantitative interpretation of 2-dimensional intuitionistic type theory (ITT) in which the identity type is interpreted as a "type of differences". We show that a fragment of ITT, that we call difference type theory (dTT),…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Paolo Pistone

Logical frameworks provide natural and direct ways of specifying and reasoning within deductive systems. The logical framework LF and subsequent developments focus on finitary proof systems, making the formalization of circular proof…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Zhibo Chen , Frank Pfenning