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Small Language Models (SLMs, or on-device LMs) have significantly fewer parameters than Large Language Models (LLMs). They are typically deployed on low-end devices, like mobile phones and single-board computers. Unlike LLMs, which rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Mingxue Xu , Yao Lei Xu , Danilo P. Mandic

Large Language Models (LLMs) have rapidly transformed the landscape of artificial intelligence, enabling natural language interfaces and dynamic orchestration of software components. However, their reliance on probabilistic inference limits…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Claudionor Coelho , Yanen Li , Philip Tee

Despite significant progress in natural language understanding, Large Language Models (LLMs) remain error-prone when performing logical reasoning, often lacking the robust mental representations that enable human-like comprehension. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-05 François Olivier , Zied Bouraoui

Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) excel at numerical forecasting but operate as black boxes lacking qualitative reasoning. Conversely, applying LLMs directly to temporal data introduces a modality gap: text tokenizers fragment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Md Atik Ahamed , Mihir Parmar , Palash Goyal , Chun-Liang Li , Qiang Cheng , Tomas Pfister , Jinsung Yoon

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with complex reasoning due to limited diversity and inefficient search. We propose Soft Reasoning, an embedding-based search framework that optimises the embedding of the first token to guide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Qinglin Zhu , Runcong Zhao , Hanqi Yan , Yulan He , Yudong Chen , Lin Gui

Driven by expressiveness commonalities of Python and our Python-based embedded logic-based language Natlog, we design high-level interaction patterns between equivalent language constructs and data types on the two sides. By directly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Paul Tarau

Combining sum factorization, weighted quadrature, and row-based assembly enables efficient higher-order computations for tensor product splines. We aim to transfer these concepts to immersed boundary methods, which perform simulations on a…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Benjamin Marussig , René Hiemstra , Dominik Schillinger

DEEPTHINK methods improve reasoning by generating, refining, and aggregating populations of candidate solutions, which enables strong performance on complex mathematical and scientific tasks. However, existing frameworks often lack reliable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Rituraj Sharma , Weiyuan Chen , Noah Provenzano , Tu Vu

Modern scientific studies often collect data sets in the forms of tensors, which call for innovative statistical analysis methods. In particular, there is a pressing need for tensor clustering methods to understand the heterogeneity in the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-27 Qing Mai , Xin Zhang , Yuqing Pan , Kai Deng

Tensor programs often need to process large tensors (vectors, matrices, or higher order tensors) that require a specialized storage format for their memory layout. Several such layouts have been proposed in the literature, such as the…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Maximilian Schleich , Amir Shaikhha , Dan Suciu

Logic programming languages present clear advantages in terms of declarativeness and conciseness. However, the ideas of logic programming have been met with resistance in other programming communities, and have not generally been adopted by…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Ivan Perez , Angel Herranz

The goal of neuro-symbolic AI is to integrate symbolic and subsymbolic AI approaches, to overcome the limitations of either. Prominent systems include Logic Tensor Networks (LTN) or DeepProbLog, which offer neural predicates and end-to-end…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Stephen Roth , Lennart Baur , Derian Boer , Stefan Kramer

We design a new technique for the distributional semantic modeling with a neural network-based approach to learn distributed term representations (or term embeddings) - term vector space models as a result, inspired by the recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Oleksandr Palagin , Vitalii Velychko , Kyrylo Malakhov , Oleksandr Shchurov

Prompts are the interface for eliciting the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Understanding their structure and components is critical for analyzing LLM behavior and optimizing performance. However, the field lacks a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Sullam Jeoung , Yueyan Chen , Yi Zhang , Shuai Wang , Haibo Ding , Lin Lee Cheong

Forecasting is critical in areas such as finance, biology, and healthcare. Despite the progress in the field, making accurate forecasts remains challenging because real-world time series contain both global trends, local fine-grained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Zihao Chen , Alexandre Andre , Wenrui Ma , Ian Knight , Sergey Shuvaev , Eva Dyer

Sentence embedding is one of the most fundamental tasks in Natural Language Processing and plays an important role in various tasks. The recent breakthrough in sentence embedding is achieved by pre-trained language models (PLMs). Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Lingfeng Shen , Haiyun Jiang , Lemao Liu , Shuming Shi

The field of statistical relational learning aims at unifying logic and probability to reason and learn from data. Perhaps the most successful paradigm in the field is probabilistic logic programming: the enabling of stochastic primitives…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-20 Stefanie Speichert , Vaishak Belle

Together with the improvements in state-of-the-art accuracies of various tasks, deep learning models are getting significantly larger. However, it is extremely difficult to implement these large models because limited GPU memory makes it…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Boxiang Wang , Qifan Xu , Zhengda Bian , Yang You

Sum-product networks (SPNs) represent an emerging class of neural networks with clear probabilistic semantics and superior inference speed over graphical models. This work reveals a strikingly intimate connection between SPNs and tensor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-12 Ching-Yun Ko , Cong Chen , Yuke Zhang , Kim Batselier , Ngai Wong

We present dPASP, a novel declarative probabilistic logic programming framework for differentiable neuro-symbolic reasoning. The framework allows for the specification of discrete probabilistic models with neural predicates, logic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Renato Lui Geh , Jonas Gonçalves , Igor Cataneo Silveira , Denis Deratani Mauá , Fabio Gagliardi Cozman