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In evidence-based medicine (EBM), defining a clinical question in terms of the specific patient problem aids the physicians to efficiently identify appropriate resources and search for the best available evidence for medical treatment. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Di Jin , Peter Szolovits

This paper presents our system details and results of participation in the RDoC Tasks of BioNLP-OST 2019. Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) construct is a multi-dimensional and broad framework to describe mental health disorders by combining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Yatin Chaudhary , Pankaj Gupta , Hinrich Schütze

Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) of the language backbone plays a pivotal role in adapting Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to specialized domains such as medical reasoning. However, existing SFT practices often rely on unfiltered textual datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xinlin Zhuang , Feilong Tang , Haolin Yang , Xiwei Liu , Ming Hu , Huifa Li , Haochen Xue , Junjun He , Zongyuan Ge , Yichen Li , Ying Qian , Imran Razzak

This research on data extraction methods applies recent advances in natural language processing to evidence synthesis based on medical texts. Texts of interest include abstracts of clinical trials in English and in multilingual contexts.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-31 Lena Schmidt , Julie Weeds , Julian P. T. Higgins

This paper considers making active learning more sensible from a medical perspective. In practice, a disease manifests itself in different forms across patient cohorts. Existing frameworks have primarily used mathematical constructs to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-28 Yash-yee Logan , Ryan Benkert , Ahmad Mustafa , Gukyeong Kwon , Ghassan AlRegib

The fundamental process of evidence extraction and synthesis in evidence-based medicine involves extracting PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) elements from biomedical literature. However, Outcomes, being the most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yiliang Zhou , Abigail M. Newbury , Gongbo Zhang , Betina Ross Idnay , Hao Liu , Chunhua Weng , Yifan Peng

Despite the promise of foundation models in medical AI, current systems remain limited - they are modality-specific and lack transparent reasoning processes, hindering clinical adoption. To address this gap, we present EVLF-FM, a multimodal…

The automatic diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is in high clinical demand due to its prevalence and the importance of targeted treatment. Current clinical practice often relies on diagnostic biomarkers in QSM and NM-MRI images. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ding Shaodong , Liu Ziyang , Zhou Yijun , Liu Tao

In recent years, there has been a surge in the publication of clinical trial reports, making it challenging to conduct systematic reviews. Automatically extracting Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome (PICO) from clinical trial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Madhusudan Ghosh , Shrimon Mukherjee , Asmit Ganguly , Partha Basuchowdhuri , Sudip Kumar Naskar , Debasis Ganguly

In this paper, we investigate a new approach to Population, Intervention and Outcome (PIO) element detection, a common task in Evidence Based Medicine (EBM). The purpose of this study is two-fold: to build a training dataset for PIO element…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Hichem Mezaoui , Aleksandr Gontcharov , Isuru Gunasekara

The automation of workflows in advanced microscopy is a key goal where foundation models like Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) show great potential. However, adapting these general-purpose models for specialized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Robinson Umeike , Neil Getty , Yin Xiangyu , Yi Jiang

The growing volume of biomedical scholarly document abstracts presents an increasing challenge in efficiently retrieving accurate and relevant information. To address this, we introduce a novel approach that integrates an optimized topic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Parvez Zamil , Gollam Rabby , Md. Sadekur Rahman , Sören Auer

Objectives Extraction of PICO (Populations, Interventions, Comparison, and Outcomes) entities is fundamental to evidence retrieval. We present a novel method PICOX to extract overlapping PICO entities. Materials and Methods PICOX first…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Gongbo Zhang , Yiliang Zhou , Yan Hu , Hua Xu , Chunhua Weng , Yifan Peng

Clinical notes contain an abundance of important but not-readily accessible information about patients. Systems to automatically extract this information rely on large amounts of training data for which their exists limited resources to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Andriy Mulyar , Bridget T. McInnes

In medical visual question answering (Med-VQA), achieving accurate responses relies on three critical steps: precise perception of medical imaging data, logical reasoning grounded in visual input and textual questions, and coherent answer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Songtao Jiang , Yuan Wang , Ruizhe Chen , Yan Zhang , Ruilin Luo , Bohan Lei , Sibo Song , Yang Feng , Jimeng Sun , Jian Wu , Zuozhu Liu

Recent advances in reinforcement learning with verifiable, rule-based rewards have greatly enhanced the reasoning capabilities and out-of-distribution generalization of VLMs/LLMs, obviating the need for manually crafted reasoning chains.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Shaohao Rui , Kaitao Chen , Weijie Ma , Xiaosong Wang

The Vision Foundation Model has recently gained attention in medical image analysis. Its zero-shot learning capabilities accelerate AI deployment and enhance the generalizability of clinical applications. However, segmenting pathological…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Can Cui , Ruining Deng , Junlin Guo , Quan Liu , Tianyuan Yao , Haichun Yang , Yuankai Huo

Interactive segmentation is a promising strategy for building robust, generalisable algorithms for volumetric medical image segmentation. However, inconsistent and clinically unrealistic evaluation hinders fair comparison and misrepresents…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Parhom Esmaeili , Virginia Fernandez , Pedro Borges , Eli Gibson , Sebastien Ourselin , M. Jorge Cardoso

Clinical trials are central to medical progress because they help improve understanding of human health and the healthcare system. They play a key role in discovering new ways to detect, prevent, or treat diseases, and it is essential that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Surya Tejaswi Yerramsetty , Almas Fathimah

Microbial clades modeling is a challenging problem in biology based on microarray genome sequences, especially in new species gene isolates discovery and category. Marker family genome sequences play important roles in describing specific…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-04-22 Jingwei Liu
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