Related papers: A Defect Verlinde Formula
We investigate the composite systems consisting of topological orders separated by gapped domain walls. We derive a pair of domain-wall Verlinde formulae, that elucidate the connection between the braiding of interdomain excitations labeled…
We study gapped boundaries characterized by "fermionic condensates" in 2+1 d topological order. Mathematically, each of these condensates can be described by a super commutative Frobenius algebra. We systematically obtain the species of…
Topological quantum error correction based on the manipulation of the anyonic defects constitutes one of the most promising frameworks towards realizing fault-tolerant quantum devices. Hence, it is crucial to understand how these defects…
$2+1$D bosonic topological orders can be characterized by the $S,T$ matrices that encode the statistics of topological excitations. In particular, the $S,T$ matrices can be used to systematically obtain the gapped boundaries of bosonic…
A realistic material may possess defects, which often bring the material new properties that have practical applications. The boundary defects of a two-dimensional topologically ordered system are thought of as an alternative way of…
The toric code is a simple and exactly solvable example of topological order realising Abelian anyons. However, it was shown to support non-local lattice defects, namely twists, which exhibit non-Abelian anyonic behaviour [1]. Motivated by…
In this paper we explore how non trivial boundary conditions could influence the entanglement entropy in a topological order in 2+1 dimensions. Specifically we consider the special class of topological orders describable by the quantum…
Emergent anyons are the key elements of the topological quantum computation and topological quantum memory. We study a two-component fermion model with conventional two-body interaction in an open boundary condition and show that several…
The bulk-boundary correspondence of topological phases suggests strong connections between the topological features in a d+1-dimensional bulk and the potentially gapless theory on the (d-1)+1-dimensional boundary. In 2+1D topological…
Defects between gapped boundaries provide a possible physical realization of projective non-abelian braid statistics. A notable example is the projective Majorana/parafermion braid statistics of boundary defects in fractional quantum…
Defects in topologically ordered models have interesting properties that are reminiscent of the anyonic excitations of the models themselves. For example, dislocations in the toric code model are known as twists and possess properties that…
In this letter, we report our systematic construction of the lattice Hamiltonian model of topological orders on open surfaces, with explicit boundary terms. We do this mainly for the Levin-Wen stringnet model. The full Hamiltonian in our…
The structure of extrinsic defects in topologically ordered states of matter is host to a rich set of universal physics. Extrinsic defects in 2+1 dimensional topological states include line-like defects, such as boundaries between…
This paper studies fault-tolerant quantum computation with gapped boundaries. We first introduce gapped boundaries of Kitaev's quantum double models for Dijkgraaf-Witten theories using their Hamiltonian realizations. We classify the…
We introduce the concept of boundary degeneracy of topologically ordered states on a compact orientable spatial manifold with boundaries, and emphasize that the boundary degeneracy provides richer information than the bulk degeneracy.…
Topological phases of matter can support fractionalized quasi-particles localized at topological defects. The current understanding of these exotic excitations, based on the celebrated bulk-defect correspondence, typically relies on crude…
Given a gapped boundary of a (3+1)d topological order (TO), one can stack on it a decoupled (2+1)d TO to get another boundary theory. Should one view these two boundaries as "different"? A natural choice would be no. Different classes of…
We compute the entanglement entropy in a 2+1 dimensional topological order in the presence of gapped boundaries. Specifically, we consider entanglement cuts that cut through the boundaries. We argue that based on general considerations of…
As a series of work about 5D (spacetime) topological orders, here we employ the path-integral formalism of 5D topological quantum field theory (TQFT) established in Zhang and Ye, JHEP 04 (2022) 138 to explore non-Abelian fusion rules,…
Braiding and fusion rules of topological excitations are indispensable topological invariants in topological quantum computation and topological orders. While excitations in 2D are always particle-like anyons, those in 3D incorporate not…