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Independent component analysis (ICA) has become a standard data analysis technique applied to an array of problems in signal processing and machine learning. This tutorial provides an introduction to ICA based on linear algebra formulating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-04-14 Jonathon Shlens

EEG recordings contain rich information about neural activity but are subject to artifacts, noise, and superficial differences due to sensors, amplifiers, and filtering. Independent component analysis and automatic labeling of independent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Austin Meek , Carlos H. Mendoza-Cardenas , Austin J. Brockmeier

Implantable Cardiac Monitor (ICM) devices are demonstrating as of today, the fastest-growing market for implantable cardiac devices. As such, they are becoming increasingly common in patients for measuring heart electrical activity. ICMs…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-17 Amnon Bleich , Antje Linnemann , Benjamin Jaidi , Björn H Diem , Tim OF Conrad

Approximately over 50 million people worldwide suffer from epilepsy. Traditional diagnosis of epilepsy relies on tedious visual screening by highly trained clinicians from lengthy EEG recording that contains the presence of seizure (ictal)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-04-27 Forrest Sheng Bao , Jue-Ming Gao , Jing Hu , Donald Y. -C. Lie , Yuanlin Zhang , K. J. Oommen

The brain-computer interface (BCI) establishes a non-muscle channel that enables direct communication between the human body and an external device. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a popular non-invasive technique for recording brain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Jamal Hwaidi , Mohamed Chahine Ghanem

Single-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) is a cost-effective, comfortable, and non-invasive method for monitoring brain activity, widely adopted by researchers, consumers, and clinicians. The increasing number and proportion of articles on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yueyang Li , Weiming Zeng , Wenhao Dong , Di Han , Lei Chen , Hongyu Chen , Zijian Kang , Shengyu Gong , Hongjie Yan , Wai Ting Siok , Nizhuan Wang

Linear Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a blind source separation technique that has been used in various domains to identify independent latent sources from observed signals. In order to obtain a higher signal-to-noise ratio, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Ambroise Heurtebise , Pierre Ablin , Alexandre Gramfort

Introduction: Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals have gained significant popularity in various applications due to their rich information content. However, these signals are prone to contamination from various sources of artifacts, notably…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-28 Behrad TaghiBeyglou , Fatemeh Bagheri

In intensive care units (ICUs), critically ill patients are monitored with electroencephalograms (EEGs) to prevent serious brain injury. The number of patients who can be monitored is constrained by the availability of trained physicians to…

EEG continues to find a multitude of uses in both neuroscience research and medical practice, and independent component analysis (ICA) continues to be an important tool for analyzing EEG. A multitude of ICA algorithms for EEG decomposition…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-03 Gwenevere Frank , Seyed Yahya Shirazi , Jason Palmer , Gert Cauwenberghs , Scott Makeig , Arnaud Delorme

Independent component analysis (ICA) is a method for recovering statistically independent signals from observations of unknown linear combinations of the sources. Some of the most accurate ICA decomposition methods require searching for the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-09-23 Matan Sela , Ron Kimmel

Independent component analysis (ICA) has been widely used for blind source separation in many fields such as brain imaging analysis, signal processing and telecommunication. Many statistical techniques based on M-estimates have been…

Methodology · Statistics 2009-09-29 Aiyou Chen , Peter J. Bickel

Independent component analysis (ICA) is a powerful computational tool for separating independent source signals from their linear mixtures. ICA has been widely applied in neuroimaging studies to identify and characterize underlying brain…

Applications · Statistics 2015-05-01 Ran Shi , Ying Guo

Researchers have reported high decoding accuracy (>95%) using non-invasive Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for brain-computer interface (BCI) decoding tasks like image decoding, emotion recognition, auditory spatial attention detection,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-17 Xiran Xu , Bo Wang , Boda Xiao , Yadong Niu , Yiwen Wang , Xihong Wu , Jing Chen

Independent component analysis (ICA) is a widely used method in various applications of signal processing and feature extraction. It extends principal component analysis (PCA) and can extract important and complicated components with small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yoshitatsu Matsuda , Kazunori Yamaguch

Independent component analysis (ICA) is the most popular method for blind source separation (BSS) with a diverse set of applications, such as biomedical signal processing, video and image analysis, and communications. Maximum likelihood…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-25 Zois Boukouvalas , Rami Mowakeaa , Geng-Shen Fu , Tulay Adali

Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings are often contaminated by electromyographic (EMG) artifacts, especially when recording during movement. Existing methods to remove EMG artifacts include independent component analysis (ICA), and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-08 Yongcheng Li , Po T. Wang , Mukta P. Vaidya , Charles Y. Liu , Marc W. Slutzky , An H. Do

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are often contaminated with artifacts. It is imperative to develop a practical and reliable artifact removal method to prevent misinterpretations of neural signals and underperformance of brain-computer…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-23 Chun-Hsiang Chuang , Kong-Yi Chang , Chih-Sheng Huang , Tzyy-Ping Jung

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a technique for unsupervised exploration of multi-channel data that is widely used in observational sciences. In its classic form, ICA relies on modeling the data as linear mixtures of non-Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-01 Pierre Ablin , Jean-François Cardoso , Alexandre Gramfort

Independent component analysis (ICA) decomposes multivariate data into mutually independent components (ICs). The ICA model is subject to a constraint that at most one of these components is Gaussian, which is required for model…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-18 Ze Jin , Benjamin B. Risk , David S. Matteson