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We study the well-motivated problem of online distribution shift in which the data arrive in batches and the distribution of each batch can change arbitrarily over time. Since the shifts can be large or small, abrupt or gradual, the length…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Dheeraj Baby , Boran Han , Shuai Zhang , Cuixiong Hu , Yuyang Wang , Yu-Xiang Wang

Distributed computing offers a high degree of flexibility to accommodate modern learning constraints and the ever increasing size of datasets involved in massive data issues. Drawing inspiration from the theory of distributed computation…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-07-17 Gérard Biau , Ryad Zenine

Software as a service (SaaS) has recently enjoyed much attention as it makes the use of software more convenient and cost-effective. At the same time, the arising of users' expectation for high quality service such as real-time information…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-04-13 Feng-Lin Li , Chi-Hung Chi , Yue Wang , Cong Liu

Online optimization problems arise in many resource allocation tasks, where the future demands for each resource and the associated utility functions change over time and are not known apriori, yet resources need to be allocated at every…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-02-06 Reza Eghbali , Jon Swenson , Maryam Fazel

Stochastic simulation has been widely used to analyze the performance of complex stochastic systems and facilitate decision making in those systems. Stochastic simulation is driven by the input model, which is a collection of probability…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-02-14 Tianyi Liu , Enlu Zhou

We develop an online learning method for prediction, which is important in problems with large and/or streaming data sets. We formulate the learning approach using a covariance-fitting methodology, and show that the resulting predictor has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Dave Zachariah , Petre Stoica , Thomas B. Schön

There is increasing interest in using streaming data to inform decision making across a wide range of application domains including mobile health, food safety, security, and resource management. A decision support system formalizes online…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-05-14 Tao Hu , Eric B. Laber , Zhen Li , Nick J. Meyer , Krishna Pacifici

Conformal prediction has emerged as a powerful framework for constructing distribution-free prediction sets with guaranteed coverage assuming only the exchangeability assumption. However, this assumption is often violated in online…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-07 Jungbin Jun , Ilsang Ohn

In always-on HAR deployments, model accuracy erodes silently as domain shift accumulates over time. Addressing this challenge requires moving beyond one-off updates toward instance-driven adaptation from streaming data. However, continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Minghui Qiu , Jun Chen , Lin Chen , Shuxin Zhong , Yandao Huang , Lu Wang , Kaishun Wu

In many emerging applications, data streams are monitored in a network environment. Due to limited communication bandwidth and other resource constraints, a critical and practical demand is to online compress data streams continuously with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-12-01 Emad Soroush , Kui Wu , Jian Pei

We propose an computational framework for real-time risk assessment and prioritizing for random outcomes without prior information on probability distributions. The basic model is built based on satisficing measure (SM) which yields a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-03 Wenjie Huang

A streaming algorithm to compute the spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) of stationary random processes is presented. As new data becomes available, an incremental update of the truncated eigenbasis of the estimated…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-01-14 Oliver T. Schmidt , Aaron Towne

Adaptive gradient-based optimization methods such as \textsc{Adagrad}, \textsc{Rmsprop}, and \textsc{Adam} are widely used in solving large-scale machine learning problems including deep learning. A number of schemes have been proposed in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Parvin Nazari , Davoud Ataee Tarzanagh , George Michailidis

In this paper, we focus on the solution of online optimization problems that arise often in signal processing and machine learning, in which we have access to streaming sources of data. We discuss algorithms for online optimization based on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-05 Nicola Bastianello , Ruggero Carli , Andrea Simonetto

Machine learning algorithms typically assume that the training and test samples come from the same distributions, i.e., in-distribution. However, in open-world scenarios, streaming big data can be Out-Of-Distribution (OOD), rendering these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Anique Tahir , Lu Cheng , Ruocheng Guo , Huan Liu

There is a growing cross-disciplinary effort in the broad domain of optimization and learning with streams of data, applied to settings where traditional batch optimization techniques cannot produce solutions at time scales that match the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-29 Emiliano Dall'Anese , Andrea Simonetto , Stephen Becker , Liam Madden

In the online sorting problem, we have an array $A$ of $n$ cells, and receive a stream of $n$ items $x_1,\dots,x_n\in [0,1]$. When an item arrives, we need to immediately and irrevocably place it into an empty cell. The goal is to minimize…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Yang Hu

Nowadays, every device connected to the Internet generates an ever-growing stream of data (formally, unbounded). Machine Learning on unbounded data streams is a grand challenge due to its resource constraints. In fact, standard machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Alessio Bernardo , Emanuele Della Valle , Albert Bifet

We propose, analyze, and test a novel continuous data assimilation reduced order model (DA-ROM) for simulating incompressible flows. While ROMs have a long history of success on certain problems with recurring dominant structures, they tend…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-10-02 Camille Zerfas , Leo G. Rebholz , Michael Schneier , Traian Iliescu

We analyze the convergence of gradient-based optimization algorithms that base their updates on delayed stochastic gradient information. The main application of our results is to the development of gradient-based distributed optimization…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2011-05-02 Alekh Agarwal , John C. Duchi