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Stealthy hardware Trojans (HTs) inserted during the fabrication of integrated circuits can bypass the security of critical infrastructures. Although researchers have proposed many techniques to detect HTs, several limitations exist,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Vasudev Gohil , Hao Guo , Satwik Patnaik , Jeyavijayan , Rajendran

Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) hardware, such as microprocessors, are widely adopted in system design due to their ability to reduce development time and cost compared to custom solutions. However, supply chain entities involved in the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Mahmudul Hasan , Sudipta Paria , Swarup Bhunia , Tamzidul Hoque

Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components are often preferred over custom Integrated Circuits (ICs) to achieve reduced system development time and cost, easy adoption of new technologies, and replaceability. Unfortunately, the integration…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Tanvir Hossain , Matthew Showers , Mahmudul Hasan , Tamzidul Hoque

Thermal Trojan attacks present a pressing concern for the security and reliability of System-on-Chips (SoCs), especially in mobile applications. The situation becomes more complicated when such attacks are more evasive and operate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Mehdi Elahi , Mohamed R. Elshamy , Abdel-Hameed Badawy , Ahmad Patooghy

Scalable service-Oriented Middleware over IP (SOME/IP) is an Ethernet communication standard protocol in the Automotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR), promoting ECU-to-ECU communication over the IP stack. However, SOME/IP lacks a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Qi Liu , Xingyu Li , Ke Sun , Yufeng Li , Yanchen Liu

In this paper, we introduce a Learning Assisted Side Channel delay Analysis (LASCA) methodology for Hardware Trojan detection. Our proposed solution, unlike the prior art, does not require a Golden IC. Instead, it trains a Neural Network to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-20 Ashkan Vakil , Farnaz Behnia , Ali Mirzaeian , Houman Homayoun , Naghmeh Karimi , Avesta Sasan

Hardware Trojans have drawn the attention of academia, industry and government agencies. Effective detection mechanisms and countermeasures against such malicious designs can only be developed when there is a deep understanding of how…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Samaneh Ghandali , Thorben Moos , Amir Moradi , Christof Paar

Side-channel analysis has been proven effective at detecting hardware Trojans in integrated circuits (ICs). However, most detection techniques rely on large external probes and antennas for data collection and require a long measurement…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Hanqiu Wang , Max Panoff , Zihao Zhan , Shuo Wang , Christophe Bobda , Domenic Forte

The globalized semiconductor supply chain has made Hardware Trojans (HT) a significant security threat to embedded systems, necessitating the design of efficient and adaptable detection mechanisms. Despite promising machine learning-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Zhixin Pan , Ziyu Shu , Linh Nguyen , Amberbir Alemayoh

This paper reports a novel approach that uses transistor aging in an integrated circuit (IC) to detect hardware Trojans. When a transistor is aged, it results in delays along several paths of the IC. This increase in delay results in timing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Virinchi Roy Surabhi , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Hussam Amrouch , Kanad Basu , Jörg Henkel , Ramesh Karri , Farshad Khorrami

Cyber-physical systems rely on sensors, communication, and computing, all powered by integrated circuits (ICs). ICs are largely susceptible to various hardware attacks with malicious intents. One of the stealthiest threats is the insertion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Sefatun-Noor Puspa , Abyad Enan , Reek Majumdar , M Sabbir Salek , Gurcan Comert , Mashrur Chowdhury

Split manufacturing (SM) and layout camouflaging (LC) are two promising techniques to obscure integrated circuits (ICs) from malicious entities during and after manufacturing. While both techniques enable protecting the intellectual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Satwik Patnaik , Mohammed Ashraf , Ozgur Sinanoglu , Johann Knechtel

The use of third-party IP cores in implementing applications in FPGAs has given rise to the threat of malicious alterations through the insertion of hardware Trojans. To address this threat, it is important to predict the way hardware…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Ash Luft , Mihai Sima , Michael McGuire

Hardware trojans are malicious circuits which compromise the functionality and security of an integrated circuit (IC). These circuits are manufactured directly into the silicon and cannot be fixed by security patches like software. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Paul Whitten , Francis Wolff , Chris Papachristou

HTTP-based Trojan is extremely threatening, and it is difficult to be effectively detected because of its concealment and confusion. Previous detection methods usually are with poor generalization ability due to outdated datasets and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Jiang Xie , Shuhao Lia , Xiaochun Yun , Yongzheng Zhang , Peng Chang

The commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) component based ecosystem provides an attractive system design paradigm due to the drastic reduction in development time and cost compared to custom solutions. However, it brings in a growing concern of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Mahmudul Hasan , Jonathan Cruz , Prabuddha Chakraborty , Swarup Bhunia , Tamzidul Hoque

Always-on hardware Trojans (HTs) pose a critical risk to trusted microelectronics, yet most side-channel detection methods rely on unavailable golden references. We present a reference-free approach that combines time-frequency EM analysis…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Mahsa Tahghigh , Hassan Salmani

Hardware Trojans (HT s) are a persistent threat to integrated circuits, especially when inserted at the register-transfer level (RTL). Existing methods typically first convert the design into a graph, such as a gate-level netlist or an…

Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is the most essential component for polynomial multiplications used in lattice-based Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) algorithms such as Kyber, Dilithium, NTRU etc. However, side-channel attacks (SCA) and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Rourab Paul , Krishnendu Guha , Amlan Chakrabarti

With the globalization of the semiconductor manufacturing process, electronic devices are powerless against malicious modification of hardware in the supply chain. The ever-increasing threat of hardware Trojan attacks against integrated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Kyle Worley , Md Tauhidur Rahman