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Formulating a real-world problem under the Reinforcement Learning framework involves non-trivial design choices, such as selecting a discount factor for the learning objective (discounted cumulative rewards), which articulates the planning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Randy Lefebvre , Audrey Durand

Demand response is widely employed by today's data centers to reduce energy consumption in response to the increasing of electricity cost. To incentivize users of data centers participate in the demand response programs, i.e., breaking the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-04-08 Yong Zhan , Du Xu , Hongfang Yu , Shui Yu

The use of hypothetical instead of real decision-making incentives remains under debate after decades of economic experiments. Standard incentivized experiments involve substantial monetary costs due to participants' earnings and often…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-03-19 Pablo Brañas-Garza , Diego Jorrat , Antonio M. Espín , Angel Sánchez

While technical debt grows in absolute numbers as software systems evolve over time, the density of technical debt (technical debt divided by lines of code) is reduced in some cases. This can be explained by either the application of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-20 George Digkas , Alexander Chatzigeorgiou , Apostolos Ampatzoglou , Paris Avgeriou

Temporal difference learning with linear function approximation is a popular method to obtain a low-dimensional approximation of the value function of a policy in a Markov Decision Process. We give a new interpretation of this method in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Rui Liu , Alex Olshevsky

Advances in AI have led to new types of technical debt in software engineering projects. AI-based competition platforms face challenges due to rapid prototyping and a lack of adherence to software engineering principles by participants,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Dionysios Sklavenitis , Dimitris Kalles

Intertemporal decision making involves choices among options whose effects occur at different moments. These choices are influenced not only by the effect of rewards value perception at different moments, but also by the time perception…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2011-05-19 Natalia Destefano , Alexandre Souto Martinez

A default assumption in reinforcement learning (RL) and optimal control is that observations arrive at discrete time points on a fixed clock cycle. Yet, many applications involve continuous-time systems where the time discretization, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Zichen Zhang , Johannes Kirschner , Junxi Zhang , Francesco Zanini , Alex Ayoub , Masood Dehghan , Dale Schuurmans

We assert that it is the ethical duty of software engineers to strive to reduce software discrimination. This paper discusses how that might be done. This is an important topic since machine learning software is increasingly being used to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Joymallya Chakraborty , Tianpei Xia , Fahmid M. Fahid , Tim Menzies

We study the identification of dynamic discrete choice models with sophisticated, quasi-hyperbolic time preferences under exclusion restrictions. We consider both standard finite horizon problems and empirically useful infinite horizon…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-07-11 Jaap H. Abbring , Øystein Daljord , Fedor Iskhakov

Software is a field of rapid changes: the best technology today becomes obsolete in the near future. If we review the graduate attributes of any of the software engineering programs across the world, life-long learning is one of them. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Luiz Fernando Capretz , Fahem Ahmed , Fabio Queda Bueno da Silva

Modern sequential recommender systems, ranging from lightweight transformer-based variants to large language models, have become increasingly prominent in academia and industry due to their strong performance in the next-item prediction…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Danil Gusak , Anna Volodkevich , Anton Klenitskiy , Alexey Vasilev , Evgeny Frolov

Travel time savings are usually the most substantial economic benefit of transport infrastructure projects. However, questions surround whether small time savings are as valuable per unit as larger savings. Thresholds in individual choice…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-09-03 Andy Obermeyer , Martin Treiber , Christos Evangelinos

Architectural debt is a form of technical debt that derives from the gap between the architectural design of the system as it "should be" compared to "as it is". We measured architecture debt in two ways: 1) in terms of system-wide coupling…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Maleknaz Nayebi , Yuanfang Cai , Rick Kazman , Guenther Ruhe , Qiong Feng , Chris Carlson , Francis Chew

By embedding uncertainty into time, we obtain a conjoint axiomatic characterization of both Exponential Discounting and Subjective Expected Utility that accommodates arbitrary state and outcome spaces. In doing so, we provide a novel and…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-03-25 Lorenzo Bastianello , Vassili Vergopoulos

In this study, I investigate the dynamic decision problem with a finite parameter space when the functional form of conditional expected rewards is misspecified. Traditional algorithms, such as Thompson Sampling, guarantee neither an…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-05-22 Xinyu Dai

In software-engineering research, many empirical studies are conducted with open-source or industry developers. However, in contrast to other research communities like economics or psychology, only few experiments use financial incentives…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Dmitri Bershadskyy , Jacob Krüger , Gül Çalıklı , Siegmar Otto , Sarah Zabel , Jannik Greif , Robert Heyer

Intelligent Tutoring Systems often grant learners shared control over skill and problem selection. This choice brings motivational and metacognitive benefits. At the same time, past literature suggests that learners exhibit diverse…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Haley Noh , Aarna Chowdhary , Jeroen Ooge , Vincent Aleven , Conrad Borchers

NonTechnical Debt (NTD) is a common challenge in agile software development, manifesting in four critical forms, Process Debt, Social Debt, People Debt, Organizational debt. NODLA project is a collaboration between Karlstad University and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Muhammad Ovais Ahmad , Tomas Gustavsson

Context: Technical Debt (TD) discusses the negative impact of sub-optimal decisions to cope with the need-for-speed in software development. Code Technical Debt Items (TDI) are atomic elements of TD that can be observed in code artefacts.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Ehsan Zabardast , Kwabena Ebo Bennin , Javier Gonzalez-Huerta
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