Related papers: Quasi-local mass on unit spheres at spatial infini…
The quasilocal energy of gravitational and matter fields in a spatially bounded region is obtained by employing a Hamilton-Jacobi analysis of the action functional. First, a surface stress-energy-momentum tensor is defined by the functional…
For an admissible class of smooth compact initial data sets with boundary, we prove a comparison theorem between the Wang/Liu-Yau quasi-local mass of the boundary and the Hawking mass of strictly minimizing hulls in the Jang graphs of the…
We study the limit of quasilocal energy defined in [7] and [8] for a family of spacelike 2-surfaces approaching null infinity of an asymptotically flat spacetime. It is shown that Lorentzian symmetry is recovered and an energy-momentum…
We modify previous quasi-local mass definition. The new definition provides expressions of the quasi-local energy, the quasi-local linear momentum and the quasi-local mass. And they are equal to the ADM expressions at spatial infinity.…
We study a functional on the boundary of a compact Riemannian 3-manifold of nonnegative scalar curvature. The functional arises as the second variation of the Wang-Yau quasi-local energy in general relativity. We prove that the functional…
A set of exact quasi-local conservation equations is derived from the Einstein's equations using the first-order Kaluza-Klein formalism of general relativity in the (2,2)-splitting of 4-dimensional spacetime. These equations are interpreted…
In this article, we consider the limit of quasi-local conserved quantities [31,9] at the infinity of an asymptotically hyperbolic initial data set in general relativity. These give notions of total energy-momentum, angular momentum, and…
The energy of gravitating systems has been an issue since Einstein proposed general relativity: considered to be ill defined, having no proper local density. Energy-momentum is now regarded as \emph{quasi-local} (associated with a closed…
This article considers the quasi-local energy in reference to a general static spacetime. We follow the approach developed by the authors in [19, 20, 7, 9] and define the quasi-local energy as a difference of surface Hamiltonians, which are…
We study the aspects of quasi-local energy associated with a $2-$surface $\Sigma$ bounding a space-like domain $\Omega$ of a physical $3+1$ dimensional spacetime in the regime of gravity coupled to a gauge field. The Wang-Yau quasi-local…
Consider the definition E of quasilocal energy stemming from the Hamilton-Jacobi method as applied to the canonical form of the gravitational action. We examine E in the standard "small-sphere limit," first considered by Horowitz and…
We extend our previous definition of quasi-local mass to 2-spheres whose Gauss curvature is negative and prove its positivity.
We study how the standard definitions of ADM mass and Brown-York quasi-local energy generalize to pure Lovelock gravity. The quasi-local energy is renormalized using the background subtraction prescription and we consider its limit for…
Using the Brown-York prescription for the definition of quasilocal gravitational energy-momentum tensor on a boundary and also complete canonical structure on a null boundary which has been found recently \cite{Aghapour:2018icu}, we propose…
In this article, we estimate the quasi-local energy with reference to the Minkowski spacetime [16,17], the anti-de Sitter spacetime [4], or the Schwarzschild spacetime [3]. In each case, the reference spacetime admits a conformal…
For an asymptotically flat initial data, the Penrose inequality gives a lower bound of the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner total mass of a spacetime in terms of the area of certain surfaces representing black holes. This is a deep and beautiful…
A quasi-local energy for Einstein's general relativity is defined by the value of the preferred boundary term in the covariant Hamiltonian formalism. The boundary term depends upon a choice of reference and a time-like displacement vector…
We discuss the concepts of energy and mass in relativity. On a finitely extended spatial region, they lead to the notion of quasilocal energy/mass for the boundary 2-surface in spacetime. A new definition was found in [27] that satisfies…
In this paper we would have a brief overview of several proposals of quasilocal mass which are based on Hamiltonian formulation. We also show the positivity of the Wang-Yau energy under a more general condition. We then further study the…
A set of exact quasi-local conservation equations is obtained in the (1+1)-dimensional description of the Einstein's equations of (3+1)-dimensional spacetimes. These equations are interpreted as quasi-local energy, linear momentum, and…