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Related papers: Efficiency fluctuations in microscopic machines

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The efficiency of any heat engine, defined as the ratio of average work output to heat input, is bounded by Carnot's celebrated result. However, this measure is insufficient to characterize the properties of miniaturized heat engines…

According to Thermodynamics, the efficiency of a heat engine is upper bounded by Carnot efficiency. For macroscopic systems, the Carnot efficiency is, however, achieved only for quasi static processes. And, considerable attention has been…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-05-03 Takaaki Monnai

We derive a generalized version of the work fluctuation theorem for nonequilibrium systems with spatio-temporal temperature fluctuations. For chi-square distributed inverse temperature we obtain a generalized fluctuation theorem based on…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 C. Beck , E. G. D. Cohen

We characterize statistical properties of the flow field in developed turbulence using concepts from stochastic thermodynamics. On the basis of data from a free air-jet experiment, we demonstrate how the dynamic fluctuations induced by…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-05-23 D. Nickelsen , A. Engel

We present a method, based on characterizing efficiency fluctuations, to asses the performance of nanoscale thermoelectric junctions. This method accounts for effects typically arising in small junctions, namely, stochasticity in the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-03-19 Massimiliano Esposito , Maicol A. Ochoa , Michael Galperin

The total entropy production generated by the dynamics of an externally driven systems exchanging energy and matter with multiple reservoirs and described by a master equation is expressed as the sum of three contributions, each…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-03-01 Massimiliano Esposito , Upendra Harbola , Shaul Mukamel

Universal properties of efficiency at maximum power are investigated in a general setting. In particular, it is demonstrated how successive symmetries placed upon the dynamics manifest themselves at the macroscopic level. A general…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-03-10 Bart Cleuren , Bob Rutten , Christian Van den Broeck

Collisional Brownian engines have attracted significant attention due to their simplicity, experimental accessibility, and amenability to exact analytical solutions. While previous research has predominantly focused on optimizing mean…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-11-11 Gustavo A. L. Forão , Fernando S. Filho , Pedro V. Paraguassú

Two recent topics on a formal thermodynamic analogy of intracellular diffusivity fluctuations observed experimentally in normal/anomalous diffusion are reported. Not only the analogs of the quantity of heat and work as well as the internal…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-22 Yuichi Itto

We demonstrate that the Gibbs-Shannon entropy is applicable to non-equilibrium systems of any size and boundary conditions. The change in microscopic entropy can be attributed to the stochastic nature of dynamic processes and to the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-10-13 Jianzhong Wu

Microscopic heat engines operate in regimes where thermodynamic quantities fluctuate strongly, making stochastic effects an essential aspect of their performance. However, existing geometric formulations of finite-time thermodynamics…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-07 Gentaro Watanabe , Guo-Hua Xu , Yuki Minami

We derive the general probability distribution function of stochastic work for quantum Otto engines in which both the isochoric and driving processes are irreversible due to finite time duration. The time-dependent power fluctuations,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-03-24 Guangqian Jiao , Shoubao Zhu , Jizhou He , Yongli Ma , Jianhui Wang

The second law of thermodynamics posits that in closed macroscopic systems the rate of entropy production must be positive. However, small systems can exhibit negative entropy production over short timescales, seemingly in contradiction…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2023-08-08 Rama Sharma , Tapio P. Simula , Andrew J. Groszek

As a fundamental measure of stability in nonequilibrium thermodynamics, fluctuations provide critical insight into the performance and reliability of heat engines. In this work, we establish universal fluctuation-dissipation bounds that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-13 Ousi Pan , Zhiqiang Fan , Shunjie Zhang , Jie Li , Jincan Chen , Shanhe Su

Understanding noisy information engines is a fundamental problem of non-equilibrium physics, particularly in biomolecular systems agitated by thermal and active fluctuations in the cell. By the generalized second law of thermodynamics, the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-01 Govind Paneru , Sandipan Dutta , Takahiro Sagawa , Tsvi Tlusty , Hyuk Kyu Pak

The fluctuation theorem is a pivotal result of statistical physics. It quantifies the probability of observing fluctuations which are in violation of the second law of thermodynamics. More specifically, it quantifies the ratio of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-08-26 M. Belushkin , R. Livi , G. Foffi

For fluctuating currents in non-equilibrium steady states, the recently discovered thermodynamic uncertainty relation expresses a fundamental relation between their variance and the overall entropic cost associated with the driving. We show…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-07-12 Patrick Pietzonka , Felix Ritort , Udo Seifert

The thermodynamic properties of quantum heat engines are stochastic owing to the presence of thermal and quantum fluctuations. We here experimentally investigate the efficiency and nonequilibrium entropy production statistics of a spin-1/2…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-29 Tobias Denzler , Jonas F. G. Santos , Eric Lutz , Roberto Serra

The entropy per particle in most Monte-Carlo simulations is size dependent due to correlated energy fluctuations. Guided by nanothermodynamics, we find a constraint for the Ising model that enhances the fluctuations and lowers the free…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-04-28 Ralph V. Chamberlin , George H. Wolf

We study bounds on ratios of fluctuations in steady-state time-reversal heat engines controlled by multi affinities. In the linear response regime, we prove that the relative fluctuations (precision) of the output current (power) is always…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-11-17 Sushant Saryal , Matthew Gerry , Ilia Khait , Dvira Segal , Bijay Kumar Agarwalla