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Product structure theorems are a collection of recent results that have been used to resolve a number of longstanding open problems on planar graphs and related graph classes. One particularly useful version states that every planar graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-17 Vida Dujmović , Gwenaël Joret , Piotr Micek , Pat Morin , David R. Wood

We describe a family of graphs with queue-number at most 4 but unbounded stack-number. This resolves open problems of Heath, Leighton and Rosenberg (1992) and Blankenship and Oporowski (1999).

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-30 Vida Dujmović , David Eppstein , Robert Hickingbotham , Pat Morin , David R. Wood

Graph drawing beyond planarity focuses on drawings of high visual quality for non-planar graphs which are characterized by certain forbidden edge configurations. A natural criterion for the quality of a drawing is the number of edge…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Nathan van Beusekom , Irene Parada , Bettina Speckmann

We prove that the graphs $T\boxslash P$ have unbounded stack number and queue number $3$, where $T$ is a tree and $P$ is a path, and $\boxslash$ denotes the graph strong product but with one of the directions removed. The previous best…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-29 Yui Hin Arvin Leung

Wegner conjectured that if $G$ is a planar graph with maximum degree $\Delta\ge 8$, then $\chi(G^2)\le \left\lfloor \frac32\Delta\right\rfloor +1$. This problem has received much attention, but remains open for all $\Delta\ge 8$. Here we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-06 Daniel W. Cranston

We show that for any constant $\Delta \ge 2$, there exists a graph $G$ with $O(n^{\Delta / 2})$ vertices which contains every $n$-vertex graph with maximum degree $\Delta$ as an induced subgraph. For odd $\Delta$ this significantly improves…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Noga Alon , Rajko Nenadov

We investigate adjacency labeling schemes for graphs of bounded degree $\Delta = O(1)$. In particular, we present an optimal (up to an additive constant) $\log n + O(1)$ adjacency labeling scheme for bounded degree trees. The latter scheme…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-04-03 David Adjiashvili , Noy Rotbart

A graph is outer-1-planar if it can be drawn in the plane so that all vertices are on the outer face and each edge is crossed at most once. It is known that the list edge chromatic number $\chi'_l(G)$ of any outer-1-planar graph $G$ with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-13 Xin Zhang

The bondage number $b(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the smallest number of edges whose removal from $G$ results in a graph with larger domination number. Let $G$ be embeddable on a surface whose Euler characteristic $\chi$ is as large as possible,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-04 Jia Huang , Jian Shen

In this paper we give tight upper bounds on the total domination number, the weakly connected domination number and the connected domination number of a graph in terms of order and Euler characteristic. We also present upper bounds for the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-10-08 Vladimir Samodivkin

In a reduction sequence of a graph, vertices are successively identified until the graph has one vertex. At each step, when identifying $u$ and $v$, each edge incident to exactly one of $u$ and $v$ is coloured red. Bonnet, Kim, Thomass\'e…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Édouard Bonnet , O-joung Kwon , David R. Wood

The clustering of a graph coloring is the maximum size of monochromatic components. This paper studies colorings with bounded clustering in graph classes with bounded layered treewidth, which include planar graphs, graphs of bounded Euler…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-05 Chun-Hung Liu , David R. Wood

The bondage number $b(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the smallest number of edges whose removal from $G$ results in a graph with larger domination number. Recently Gagarin and Zverovich showed that, for a graph $G$ with maximum degree $\Delta(G)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-26 Jia Huang

A graph is $k$-planar if it can be drawn in the plane such that no edge is crossed more than $k$ times. While for $k=1$, optimal $1$-planar graphs, i.e., those with $n$ vertices and exactly $4n-8$ edges, have been completely characterized,…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-03-21 Michael A. Bekos , Michael Kaufmann , Chrysanthi N. Raftopoulou

The $\textit{planar slope number}$ $psn(G)$ of a planar graph $G$ is the minimum number of edge slopes in a planar straight-line drawing of $G$. It is known that $psn(G) \in O(c^\Delta)$ for every planar graph $G$ of maximum degree…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Steven Chaplick , Giordano Da Lozzo , Emilio Di Giacomo , Giuseppe Liotta , Fabrizio Montecchiani

We study classes of graphs with bounded clique-width that are well-quasi-ordered by the induced subgraph relation, in the presence of labels on the vertices. We prove that, given a finite presentation of a class of graphs, one can decide…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-29 Maël Dumas , Aliaume Lopez

The bend-number b(G) of a graph G is the minimum k such that G may be represented as the edge intersection graph of a set of grid paths with at most k bends. We confirm a conjecture of Biedl and Stern showing that the maximum bend-number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-12-16 Daniel Heldt , Kolja Knauer , Torsten Ueckerdt

Let $G$ be a finite group, and let ${\rm{cd}}(G)$ denote the set of degrees of the irreducible complex characters of $G$. The degree graph $\Delta(G)$ of $G$ is defined as the simple undirected graph whose vertex set ${\rm{V}}(G)$ consists…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2018-11-06 Zeinab Akhlaghi , Silvio Dolfi , Emanuele Pacifici , Lucia Sanus

For a graph $G$, by $\chi_2(G)$ we denote the minimum integer $k$, such that there is a $k$-coloring of the vertices of $G$ in which vertices at distance at most 2 receive distinct colors. Equivalently, $\chi_2(G)$ is the chromatic number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-25 Mateusz Krzyziński , Paweł Rzążewski , Szymon Tur

We give bounds on the L(2,1)-labeling number of a simple graph in terms of its order and its maximum degree. We also describe an infinite class of graphs of which the elements have the highest L(2,1)-labeling numbers in terms of their…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-11-08 Cole Franks