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The inherent probabilistic nature of Large Language Models (LLMs) introduces an element of unpredictability, raising concerns about potential discrepancies in their output. This paper introduces an innovative approach aims to generate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Md Sadman Sakib , Yu Sun

In many sequence learning tasks, such as program synthesis and document summarization, a key problem is searching over a large space of possible output sequences. We propose to learn representations of the outputs that are specifically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Joey Hong , David Dohan , Rishabh Singh , Charles Sutton , Manzil Zaheer

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are widely used for online regression due to their ability to generalize nonlinear temporal dependencies. As an RNN model, Long-Short-Term-Memory Networks (LSTMs) are commonly preferred in practice, as these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 N. Mert Vural , Fatih Ilhan , Selim F. Yilmaz , Salih Ergüt , Suleyman S. Kozat

We study code-to-metric regression: predicting numeric outcomes of code executions, a challenging task due to the open-ended nature of programming languages. While prior methods have resorted to heavy and domain-specific feature…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yash Akhauri , Xingyou Song , Arissa Wongpanich , Bryan Lewandowski , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah

Incorporating stronger syntactic biases into neural language models (LMs) is a long-standing goal, but research in this area often focuses on modeling English text, where constituent treebanks are readily available. Extending constituent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Shunsuke Kando , Hiroshi Noji , Yusuke Miyao

Computing an optimal classification tree that provably maximizes training performance within a given size limit, is NP-hard, and in practice, most state-of-the-art methods do not scale beyond computing optimal trees of depth three.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Catalin E. Brita , Jacobus G. M. van der Linden , Emir Demirović

Strong static type systems help programmers eliminate many errors without much burden of supplying type annotations. However, this flexibility makes it highly non-trivial to diagnose ill-typed programs, especially for novice programmers.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Chuqin Geng , Haolin Ye , Yixuan Li , Tianyu Han , Brigitte Pientka , Xujie Si

Easy-first parsing relies on subtree re-ranking to build the complete parse tree. Whereas the intermediate state of parsing processing is represented by various subtrees, whose internal structural information is the key lead for later…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Zuchao Li , Jiaxun Cai , Hai Zhao

Decompilers are widely used by security researchers and developers to reverse engineer executable code. While modern decompilers are adept at recovering instructions, control flow, and function boundaries, some useful information from the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Harrison Green , Edward J. Schwartz , Claire Le Goues , Bogdan Vasilescu

Neural networks and tree ensembles are state-of-the-art learners, each with its unique statistical and computational advantages. We aim to combine these advantages by introducing a new layer for neural networks, composed of an ensemble of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Hussein Hazimeh , Natalia Ponomareva , Petros Mol , Zhenyu Tan , Rahul Mazumder

Program classification can be regarded as a high-level abstraction of code, laying a foundation for various tasks related to source code comprehension, and has a very wide range of applications in the field of software engineering, such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Kesu Wang , Meng Yan , He Zhang , Haibo Hu

Characterizing the computational power of neural network architectures in terms of formal language theory remains a crucial line of research, as it describes lower and upper bounds on the reasoning capabilities of modern AI. However, when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Alexandra Butoi , Ghazal Khalighinejad , Anej Svete , Josef Valvoda , Ryan Cotterell , Brian DuSell

We address the problem of any-code completion - generating a missing piece of source code in a given program without any restriction on the vocabulary or structure. We introduce a new approach to any-code completion that leverages the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Uri Alon , Roy Sadaka , Omer Levy , Eran Yahav

When trained on language data, do transformers learn some arbitrary computation that utilizes the full capacity of the architecture or do they learn a simpler, tree-like computation, hypothesized to underlie compositional meaning systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Shikhar Murty , Pratyusha Sharma , Jacob Andreas , Christopher D. Manning

How to generate descriptions from structured data organized in tables? Existing approaches using neural encoder-decoder models often suffer from lacking diversity. We claim that an open set of templates is crucial for enriching the phrase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Rong Ye , Wenxian Shi , Hao Zhou , Zhongyu Wei , Lei Li

We present a type theory combining both linearity and dependency by stratifying typing rules into a level for logics and a level for programs. The distinction between logics and programs decouples their semantics, allowing the type system…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Qiancheng Fu , Hongwei Xi

To enhance developer productivity, all modern integrated development environments (IDEs) include code suggestion functionality that proposes likely next tokens at the cursor. While current IDEs work well for statically-typed languages,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-11-28 Avishkar Bhoopchand , Tim Rocktäschel , Earl Barr , Sebastian Riedel

Decision trees have been a very popular class of predictive models for decades due to their interpretability and good performance on categorical features. However, they are not always robust and tend to overfit the data. Additionally, if…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Oktay Gunluk , Jayant Kalagnanam , Minhan Li , Matt Menickelly , Katya Scheinberg

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown that test-time scaling can substantially improve model performance on complex tasks, particularly in the coding domain. Under this paradigm, models use a larger token budget during…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiaxin Fang , Runyuan He , Sahil Bhatia , Neel Gajare , Alvin Cheung

Reasoning and inference are central to human and artificial intelligence. Modeling inference in human language is very challenging. With the availability of large annotated data (Bowman et al., 2015), it has recently become feasible to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Qian Chen , Xiaodan Zhu , Zhenhua Ling , Si Wei , Hui Jiang , Diana Inkpen