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Clustering algorithms rely on complex optimisation processes that may be difficult to comprehend, especially for individuals who lack technical expertise. While many explainable artificial intelligence techniques exist for supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Aurora Spagnol , Kacper Sokol , Pietro Barbiero , Marc Langheinrich , Martin Gjoreski

Decoding from the output distributions of large language models to produce high-quality text is a complex challenge in language modeling. Various approaches, such as beam search, sampling with temperature, $k-$sampling, nucleus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Esteban Garces Arias , Julian Rodemann , Meimingwei Li , Christian Heumann , Matthias Aßenmacher

Counterfactual explanations constitute among the most popular methods for analyzing black-box systems since they can recommend cost-efficient and actionable changes to the input of a system to obtain the desired system output. While most of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 André Artelt , Andreas Gregoriades

This paper introduces the first objective space algorithm which can exactly find all supported and non-supported non-dominated solutions to a mixed-integer multi-objective linear program with an arbitrary number of objective functions. This…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-10 William Pettersson , Melih Ozlen

The increasing use of machine learning in practice and legal regulations like EU's GDPR cause the necessity to be able to explain the prediction and behavior of machine learning models. A prominent example of particularly intuitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-28 André Artelt , Barbara Hammer

Counterfactuals are widely used to explain ML model predictions by providing alternative scenarios for obtaining the more desired predictions. They can be generated by a variety of methods that optimize different, sometimes conflicting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Ignacy Stępka , Mateusz Lango , Jerzy Stefanowski

Machine learning plays a role in many deployed decision systems, often in ways that are difficult or impossible to understand by human stakeholders. Explaining, in a human-understandable way, the relationship between the input and output of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Sahil Verma , Varich Boonsanong , Minh Hoang , Keegan E. Hines , John P. Dickerson , Chirag Shah

In this paper, we give an algorithm that finds an epsilon-approximate solution to a mixed integer quadratic programming (MIQP) problem. The algorithm runs in polynomial time if the rank of the quadratic function and the number of integer…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-30 Alberto Del Pia

As data-driven predictive models are increasingly used to inform decisions, it has been argued that decision makers should provide explanations that help individuals understand what would have to change for these decisions to be beneficial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Stratis Tsirtsis , Manuel Gomez-Rodriguez

It is well-known that by adding integrality constraints to the semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation of the max-cut problem, the resulting integer semidefinite program is an exact formulation of the problem. In this paper we show…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-09 Frank de Meijer , Renata Sotirov

Methods to find counterfactual explanations have predominantly focused on one step decision making processes. In this work, we initiate the development of methods to find counterfactual explanations for decision making processes in which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Stratis Tsirtsis , Abir De , Manuel Gomez-Rodriguez

Counterfactual explanations are a central tool in interpretable machine learning, yet computing them exactly for complex models remains challenging. For tree ensembles, predictions are piecewise constant over a large collection of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Awa Khouna , Julien Ferry , Thibaut Vidal

Due to the increasing use of Machine Learning models in high stakes decision making settings, it has become increasingly important to have tools to understand how models arrive at decisions. Assuming a trained Supervised Classification…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-20 Emilio Carrizosa , Jasone Ramírez-Ayerbe , Dolores Romero Morales

Model interpretability has become an important problem in machine learning (ML) due to the increased effect that algorithmic decisions have on humans. Counterfactual explanations can help users understand not only why ML models make certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Ana Lucic , Harrie Oosterhuis , Hinda Haned , Maarten de Rijke

Recent work has shown that not only decision trees (DTs) may not be interpretable but also proposed a polynomial-time algorithm for computing one PI-explanation of a DT. This paper shows that for a wide range of classifiers, globally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Xuanxiang Huang , Yacine Izza , Alexey Ignatiev , Joao Marques-Silva

We introduce a general technique to create an extended formulation of a mixed-integer program. We classify the integer variables into blocks, each of which generates a finite set of vector values. The extended formulation is constructed by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-01-03 Matthias Köppe , Quentin Louveaux , Robert Weismantel

Counterfactual explanations are viewed as an effective way to explain machine learning predictions. This interest is reflected by a relatively young literature with already dozens of algorithms aiming to generate such explanations. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Raphael Mazzine , David Martens

The need to explain decisions made by AI systems is driven by both recent regulation and user demand. The decisions are often explainable only post hoc. In counterfactual explanations, one may ask what constitutes the best counterfactual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Jiri Nemecek , Tomas Pevny , Jakub Marecek

While explainability is a desirable characteristic of increasingly complex black-box models, modern explanation methods have been shown to be inconsistent and contradictory. The semantics of explanations is not always fully understood - to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Omer Reingold , Judy Hanwen Shen , Aditi Talati

Automatic multi-hop fact verification task has gained significant attention in recent years. Despite impressive results, these well-designed models perform poorly on out-of-domain data. One possible solution is to augment the training data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yingjie Zhu , Jiasheng Si , Yibo Zhao , Haiyang Zhu , Deyu Zhou , Yulan He