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The performance of the code a compiler generates depends on the order in which it applies the optimization passes. Choosing a good order--often referred to as the phase-ordering problem, is an NP-hard problem. As a result, existing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Qijing Huang , Ameer Haj-Ali , William Moses , John Xiang , Ion Stoica , Krste Asanovic , John Wawrzynek

The phase-ordering problem of modern compilers has received a lot of attention from the research community over the years, yet remains largely unsolved. Various optimization sequences exposed to the user are manually designed by compiler…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Rahim Mammadli , Ali Jannesari , Felix Wolf

The ever increasing memory requirements of several applications has led to increased demands which might not be met by embedded devices. Constraining the usage of memory in such cases is of paramount importance. It is important that such…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Shalini Jain , Yashas Andaluri , S. VenkataKeerthy , Ramakrishna Upadrasta

The phase ordering problem has been a long-standing challenge since the late 1970s, yet it remains an open problem due to having a vast optimization space and an unbounded nature, making it an open-ended problem without a finite solution,…

Compiler writers typically focus primarily on the performance of the generated program binaries when selecting the passes and the order in which they are applied in the standard optimization levels, such as GCC -O3. In some domains, such as…

Performance · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Ricardo Nobre , Luís Reis , João M. P. Cardoso

Since the mid-1990s, researchers have been trying to use machine-learning based approaches to solve a number of different compiler optimization problems. These techniques primarily enhance the quality of the obtained results and, more…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Amir H. Ashouri , William Killian , John Cavazos , Gianluca Palermo , Cristina Silvano

Automatic compiler phase selection/ordering has traditionally been focused on CPUs and, to a lesser extent, FPGAs. We present experiments regarding compiler phase ordering specialization of OpenCL kernels targeting a GPU. We use iterative…

Performance · Computer Science 2018-10-25 Ricardo Nobre , Luís Reis , João M. P. Cardoso

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) tools are widely adopted in FPGA-based domain-specific accelerator design. However, existing tools rely on fixed optimization strategies inherited from software compilations, limiting their effectiveness.…

Compiler phase ordering has a strong effect on program performance. Finding an effective sequence of passes is still a difficult task because the search space is large and execution time, code size and energy consumption often conflict.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Amirhosein Sadr , Mehran Alidoost Nia

An important challenge in Machine Learning compilers like XLA is multi-pass optimization and analysis. There has been recent interest chiefly in XLA target-dependent optimization on the graph-level, subgraph-level, and kernel-level phases.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Milan Ganai , Haichen Li , Theodore Enns , Yida Wang , Randy Huang

Because loops execute their body many times, compiler developers place much emphasis on their optimization. Nevertheless, in view of highly diverse source code and hardware, compilers still struggle to produce optimal target code. The sheer…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Rahim Mammadli , Marija Selakovic , Felix Wolf , Michael Pradel

Existing reinforcement learning strategies based on outcome supervision have proven effective in enhancing the performance of large language models(LLMs) for code generation. While reinforcement learning based on process supervision has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Yufan Ye , Ting Zhang , Wenbin Jiang , Hua Huang

Compiling high-level programs to target high-speed packet-processing pipelines is a challenging combinatorial optimization problem. The compiler must configure the pipeline's resources to match the high-level semantics of the program, while…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Xiangyu Gao , Divya Raghunathan , Ruijie Fang , Tao Wang , Xiaotong Zhu , Anirudh Sivaraman , Srinivas Narayana , Aarti Gupta

Recently, reinforcement learning has been used to address logic synthesis by formulating the operator sequence optimization problem as a Markov decision process. However, through extensive experiments, we find out that the learned policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Chao Wang , Chen Chen , Dong Li , Bin Wang

A compiler processes the code written in a high level language and produces machine executable code. The compiler writers often face the challenge of keeping the compilation times reasonable. That is because aggressive optimization passes…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Sanket Tavarageri

Logic synthesis is a crucial phase in the circuit design process, responsible for transforming hardware description language (HDL) designs into optimized netlists. However, traditional logic synthesis methods are computationally intensive,…

Dynamically scheduled high-level synthesis (HLS) achieves higher throughput than static HLS for codes with unpredictable memory accesses and control flow. However, excessive dataflow scheduling results in circuits that use more resources…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Robert Szafarczyk , Syed Waqar Nabi , Wim Vanderbauwhede

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong code generation capabilities, yet the runtime performance of generated code is not guaranteed, and there have been few attempts to train LLMs using runtime performance as a reward in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Ryo Mikasa , Shun-ichiro Hayashi , Daichi Mukunoki , Tetsuya Hoshino , Takahiro Katagiri

Semiconductor manufacturing is a notoriously complex and costly multi-step process involving a long sequence of operations on expensive and quantity-limited equipment. Recent chip shortages and their impacts have highlighted the importance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Pierre Tassel , Benjamin Kovács , Martin Gebser , Konstantin Schekotihin , Patrick Stöckermann , Georg Seidel

We train hierarchical Transformers on the task of synthesizing hardware circuits directly out of high-level logical specifications in linear-time temporal logic (LTL). The LTL synthesis problem is a well-known algorithmic challenge with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Frederik Schmitt , Christopher Hahn , Markus N. Rabe , Bernd Finkbeiner
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