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Plethysm is a fundamental operation in symmetric function theory, derived directly from its connection with representation theory. However, it does not admit a simple combinatorial interpretation, and finding coefficients of Schur function…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-03 Logan Crew , Sophie Spirkl

Divided symmetrization of a function $f(x_1,\dots,x_n)$ is symmetrization of the ratio $$DS_G(f)=\frac{f(x_1,\dots,x_n)}{\prod (x_i-x_j)},$$ where the product is taken over the set of edges of some graph $G$. We concentrate on the case when…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-08 Fedor V. Petrov

In 1995, Stanley introduced the chromatic symmetric function of a graph, which specializes to its chromatic polynomial, and which has been the focus of intense research. In 2017, Shareshian, Wachs, and Ellzey defined a refinement of this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-29 Jean-Christophe Aval , Raquel Melgar

Packing graphs is a combinatorial problem where several given graphs are being mapped into a common host graph such that every edge is used at most once. In the planar tree packing problem we are given two trees T1 and T2 on n vertices and…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-03-28 Markus Geyer , Michael Hoffmann , Michael Kaufmann , Vincent Kusters , Csaba D. Tóth

We establish closed-form enumeration formulas for chromatic feature vectors of 2-trees under the bichromatic triangle constraint. These efficiently computable structural features derive from constrained graph colorings where each triangle…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-09 J. Allagan , G. Morgan , S. Langley , R. Lopez-Bonilla , V. Deriglazov

Recently in graph theory several authors have studied the spectrum of the Cayley graph of the symmetric group S_n generated by the transpositions (1, i) for 2 <= i <= n. Several conjectures were made and partial results were obtained. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-02-28 Guillaume Chapuy , Valentin Féray

DP-coloring (also called correspondence coloring) is a generalization of list coloring that was introduced by Dvo\v{r}\'{a}k and Postle in 2015. The chromatic polynomial of a graph is an important notion in algebraic combinatorics that was…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-09 Jeffrey A. Mudrock , Gabriel Sharbel

There is a natural way to assign both graph and digraph to every poset. Furthermore, any graph has its chromatic function, while any digraph has its Redei-Berge function. On the level of posets, these two functions are almost identical.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-11 Stefan Mitrović , Tanja Stojadinović

The probability that two randomly selected phylogenetic trees of the same size are isomorphic is found to be asymptotic to a decreasing exponential modulated by a polynomial factor. The number of symmetrical nodes in a random phylogenetic…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-01-07 Miklos Bona , Philippe Flajolet

Treewidth is a well-known graph invariant with multiple interesting applications in combinatorics. On the practical side, many NP-complete problems are polynomial-time (sometimes even linear-time) solvable on graphs of bounded treewidth. On…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-13 Zoltan A. Kocsis , Benjamin Merlin Bumpus

Gy\'arf\'as and Sumner independently conjectured that for every tree $T$, the class of graphs not containing $T$ as an induced subgraph is $\chi$-bounded, that is, the chromatic numbers of graphs in this class are bounded above by a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-11 Alex Scott , Paul Seymour

We establish a connection between root multiplicities for Borcherds-Kac-Moody algebras and graph coloring. We show that the generalized chromatic polynomial of the graph associated to a given Borcherds algebra can be used to give a closed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-11 G. Arunkumar , Deniz Kus , R. Venkatesh

Using Ravenel's Thom spectrum $X(n)$, we introduce the concept of chromatic defect, which measures how far a spectrum is from being complex-orientable. We compute the chromatic defect of various examples of interest, such as finite spectra,…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Christian Carrick

Chromatic quasisymmetric functions of labeled graphs were defined by Shareshian and Wachs as a refinement of Stanley's chromatic symmetric functions. In this extended abstract, we consider an extension of their definition from labeled…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-04-17 Brittney Ellzey

The graph isomorphism problem is theoretically interesting and also has many practical applications. The best known classical algorithms for graph isomorphism all run in time super-polynomial in the size of the graph in the worst case. An…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-26 David Rosenbaum

The monadic second-order theory of trees allows quantification over elements and over arbitrary subsets. We classify the class of trees with respect to the question: does a tree T have definable Skolem functions (by a monadic formula with…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Shmuel Lifsches , Saharon Shelah

Working with generating functions, the combinatorics of a recurrence relation can be expressed in a way that allows for more efficient calculation of the quantity. This is true of the Catalan numbers for an ordered binary tree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-05 David Serena , William J Buchanan

Stanley defined the chromatic symmetric function of a graph, and Shareshian and Wachs introduced a refinement, namely the chromatic quasisymmetric function of a labeled graph. In this paper, we define the chromatic quasisymmetric function…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-07 Brittney Ellzey

We prove several results about the complexity of the role colouring problem. A role colouring of a graph $G$ is an assignment of colours to the vertices of $G$ such that two vertices of the same colour have identical sets of colours in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-08-26 Christopher Purcell , M. Puck Rombach

The fractional and circular chromatic numbers are the two most studied non-integral refinements of the chromatic number of a graph. Starting from the definition of a coloring base of a graph, which originated in work related to ergodic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-12 Pablo Candela , Carlos Catala , Robert Hancock , Adam Kabela , Daniel Kral , Ander Lamaison , Lluis Vena