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A rigorous derivation of nonequilibrium entropy production via the path-integral formalism is presented. Entropy production is defined as the entropy change piled in a heat reservoir as a result of a nonequilibrium thermodynamic process. It…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-10-28 Chulan Kwon

We study entropy production (EP) in processes involving repeated quantum measurements of finite quantum systems. Adopting a dynamical system approach, we develop a thermodynamic formalism for the EP and study fine aspects of irreversibility…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-08-02 Tristan Benoist , Vojkan Jaksic , Yan Pautrat , Claude-Alain Pillet

Evaluating the entropy production (EP) along a stochastic trajectory requires the knowledge of the system probability distribution, an ensemble quantity notoriously difficult to measure. In this paper, we show that the EP of nonautonomous…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-18 Gregory Bulnes Cuetara , Massimiliano Esposito , Alberto Imparato

Entropy production (EP) is a central measure in nonequilibrium thermodynamics, as it can quantify the irreversibility of a process as well as its energy dissipation in special cases. Using the time-reversal asymmetry in a system's path…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-04-26 Dong-Kyum Kim , Sangyun Lee , Hawoong Jeong

Entropy production is a universal measure of irreversibility and energy dissipation in physical, chemical, and biological systems operating far from equilibrium. However, quantifying and spatiotemporally localising it in complex processes…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-18 Biswajit Das , Sreekanth K Manikandan

Entropy production is the crucial quantity characterizing irreversible phenomena and the second law of thermodynamics. Yet, a ubiquitous definition eludes consensus. Given that entropy production arises from incomplete access to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-26 Adalberto D. Varizi , Pedro S. Correia

This is a short review of the statistical mechanical definition of entropy production for systems composed of a large number of interacting components. Emphasis is on open systems driven away from equilibrium where the entropy production…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-02 Christian Maes

Entropy production (EP) is a central quantity in nonequilibrium physics as it monitors energy dissipation, irreversibility, and free energy differences during thermodynamic transformations. Estimating EP, however, is challenging both…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-06-26 Jinghao Lyu , Kyle J. Ray , James P. Crutchfield

The probability distribution of the total entropy production in the non-equilibrium steady state follows a symmetry relation called the fluctuation theorem. When a certain part of the system is masked or hidden, it is difficult to infer the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-04-29 Deepak Gupta , Sanjib Sabhapandit

Entropy production is a key quantity in any finite-time thermodynamic process. It is intimately tied with the fundamental laws of thermodynamics, embodying a tool to extend thermodynamic considerations all the way to non-equilibrium…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-08 Gabriel T. Landi , Mauro Paternostro

The rate of entropy production by a stochastic process quantifies how far it is from thermodynamic equilibrium. Equivalently, entropy production captures the degree to which detailed balance and time-reversal symmetry are broken. Despite…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-12-02 Luca Cocconi , Rosalba Garcia-Millan , Zigan Zhen , Bianca Buturca , Gunnar Pruessner

The stochastic entropy generated during the evolution of a system interacting with an environment may be separated into three components, but only two of these have a non-negative mean. The third component of entropy production is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-05-30 Ian J. Ford , Richard E. Spinney

Entropy production is often interpreted as a proxy for microscopic disorder or environmental roughness in stochastic systems. We test this interpretation using controlled simulations of overdamped stochastic dynamics on curved surfaces in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-23 Patrick Romanescu

Fluctuations in parameters that are typically treated as fixed play a crucial role in the behavior of complex systems. However, to date, we lack a general non-equilibrium thermodynamic treatment of such a complex system. In this Letter, to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-31 Tuan Pham , Deepak Gupta

The entropy production rate is a key quantity in non-equilibrium thermodynamics of both classical and quantum processes. No universal theory of entropy production is available to date, which hinders progress towards its full grasping. By…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-18 Alessio Belenchia , Luca Mancino , Gabriel T. Landi , Mauro Paternostro

Entropy production is one of the most important characteristics of non-equilibrium steady states. We study here the steady-state entropy production, both at short times as well as in the long-time limit, of two important classes of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-27 Sven Dorosz , Michel Pleimling

Recently, the fundamental laws of thermodynamics have been reconsidered for small systems. The discovery of the fluctuation relations has spurred theoretical and experimental studies on thermodynamics of systems with few degrees of freedom.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-08-10 J. V. Koski , T. Sagawa , O. -P. Saira , Y. Yoon , A. Kutvonen , P. Solinas , M. Möttönen , T. Ala-Nissila , J. P. Pekola

The total entropy production fluctuations are studied in some exactly solvable models. For these systems, the detailed fluctuation theorem holds even in the transient state, provided initially the system is prepared in thermal equilibrium.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-08-08 Arnab Saha , Sourabh Lahiri , A. M. Jayannavar

We propose a method for inferring entropy production (EP) in high-dimensional stochastic systems, including many-body systems and non-Markovian systems with long memory. Standard techniques for estimating EP become intractable in such…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-20 Miguel Aguilera , Sosuke Ito , Artemy Kolchinsky

We present a general framework for deriving entropy production rates (EPRs) in active matter systems driven by non-Gaussian active fluctuations. Employing the probability-flow equivalence technique, we rigorously obtain an entropy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-12 Yuanfei Huang , Chengyu Liu , Bing Miao , Xiang Zhou
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