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Related papers: Quantifying magic for multi-qubit operations

200 papers

Non-stabilizerness, alongside entanglement, is a crucial ingredient for fault-tolerant quantum computation and achieving a genuine quantum advantage. Despite recent progress, a complete understanding of the generation and thermalization of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Naga Dileep Varikuti , Soumik Bandyopadhyay , Philipp Hauke

Quantum error correction and fault-tolerance have provided the possibility for large scale quantum computations without a detrimental loss of quantum information. A very natural class of gates for fault-tolerant quantum computation is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-12 Tomas Jochym-O'Connor , Yafei Yu , Bassam Helou , Raymond Laflamme

Quantum circuit compilation comprises many computationally hard reasoning tasks that nonetheless lie inside #$\mathbf{P}$ and its decision counterpart in $\mathbf{PP}$. The classical simulation of general quantum circuits is a core example.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-13 Jingyi Mei , Marcello Bonsangue , Alfons Laarman

Identifying the boundary between classical and quantum computation is a central challenge in quantum information. In multi-qubit systems, entanglement and magic are the key resources underlying genuinely quantum behaviour. While…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-02 Lorenzo Leone , Jens Eisert , Salvatore F. E. Oliviero

In quantum computing, the nonstabilizerness of quantum operations is crucial for understanding and quantifying quantum speedups. In this study, we explore the phenomena of nonstabilizerness of the quantum SWITCH, a novel structure that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-31 Yin Mo , Chengkai Zhu , Zhiping Liu , Mingrui Jing , Xin Wang

Non-stabilizerness or magic resource characterizes the amount of non-Clifford operations needed to prepare quantum states. It is a crucial resource for quantum computing and a necessary condition for quantum advantage. However, quantifying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-31 Tobias Haug , M. S. Kim

We investigate the dynamics of nonstabilizerness - also known as `magic' - in monitored quantum circuits composed of random Clifford unitaries and local projective measurements. For measurements in the computational basis, we derive an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Annarita Scocco , Wai-Keong Mok , Leandro Aolita , Mario Collura , Tobias Haug

Quantum magic is a necessary resource for quantum computers to be not efficiently simulable by classical computers. Previous results have linked the amount of quantum magic, characterized by the number of $T$ gates or stabilizer rank, to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-07 Yifan Zhang , Yuxuan Zhang

In this paper, we extend the resource theory of magic to the channel case by considering completely stabilizer preserving operations (CSPOs) as free. We introduce and characterize the set of CSPO preserving and completely CSPO preserving…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-21 Gaurav Saxena , Gilad Gour

The execution cost of quantum algorithms is typically quantified through asymptotic gate counts and qubit register sizes, yet these metrics do not directly capture which genuinely quantum resources, and in what amount, must be created and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Alessio Paviglianiti , Matteo Seclì , Emanuele Tirrito , Vincenzo Savona

Quantum fidelity estimation is essential for benchmarking quantum states and processes on noisy quantum devices. While stabilizer operations form the foundation of fault-tolerant quantum computing, non-stabilizer resources further enable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Zhiping Liu , Kun Wang , Xin Wang

Nonstabilizerness, or quantum magic, presents a valuable resource in quantum error correction and computation. We study the dynamics of locally injected magic in unitary Clifford circuits, where the total magic is conserved. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Mircea Bejan , Pieter W. Claeys , Jiangtian Yao

In many architectures for fault tolerant quantum computing universality is achieved by a combination of Clifford group unitary operators and preparation of suitable nonstabilizer states, the so-called magic states. Universality is possible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-28 Earl T. Campbell

Developing space- and time-efficient logical magic state preparation protocols will likely be an essential step towards building a large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computer. Motivated by this need, we introduce a scalable method for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Samyak Surti , Lucas Daguerre , Isaac H. Kim

We study the computational power of unitary Clifford circuits with solely magic state inputs (CM circuits), supplemented by classical efficient computation. We show that CM circuits are hard to classically simulate up to multiplicative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-19 Mithuna Yoganathan , Richard Jozsa , Sergii Strelchuk

Magic states are the resource that allows quantum computers to attain an advantage over classical computers. This resource consists in the deviation from a property called stabilizerness which in turn implies that stabilizer circuits can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-26 Salvatore F. E. Oliviero , Lorenzo Leone , Alioscia Hamma , Seth Lloyd

The nonstabilizerness of quantum states is a necessary resource for universal quantum computation, yet its characterization is notoriously demanding. Quantifying nonstabilizerness typically requires an exponential number of measurements and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 J. M. Varela , L. L. Keller , A. de Oliveira Junior , D. A. Moreira , R. Chaves , R. A. Macêdo

We propose a method for classical simulation of finite-dimensional quantum systems, based on sampling from a quasiprobability distribution, i.e., a generalized Wigner function. Our construction applies to all finite dimensions, with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-10 Robert Raussendorf , Juani Bermejo-Vega , Emily Tyhurst , Cihan Okay , Michael Zurel

A defining feature in the field of quantum computing is the potential of a quantum device to outperform its classical counterpart for a specific computational task. By now, several proposals exist showing that certain sampling problems can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-23 Rawad Mezher , Joe Ghalbouni , Joseph Dgheim , Damian Markham

Non-stabilizerness - also colloquially referred to as magic - is the a resource for advantage in quantum computing and lies in the access to non-Clifford operations. Developing a comprehensive understanding of how non-stabilizerness can be…