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We develop a new methodology for model-based clustering. Optimizing the log-likelihood provides a principled statistical framework for clustering, with solutions found via the EM algorithm. However, because the log-likelihood is nonconvex,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-06 Gonzalo Mena

We study the convergence behavior of the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm on Gaussian mixture models with an arbitrary number of mixture components and mixing weights. We show that as long as the means of the components are separated…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-10 Ruofei Zhao , Yuanzhi Li , Yuekai Sun

In Positron Emission Tomography, movement leads to blurry reconstructions when not accounted for. Whether known a priori or estimated jointly to reconstruction, motion models are increasingly defined in continuum rather that in discrete,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-22 Camille Pouchol , Olivier Verdier

Expectation Maximization (EM) is among the most popular algorithms for maximum likelihood estimation, but it is generally only guaranteed to find its stationary points of the log-likelihood objective. The goal of this article is to present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-29 Ji Xu , Daniel Hsu , Arian Maleki

A line of recent work has analyzed the behavior of the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm in the well-specified setting, in which the population likelihood is locally strongly concave around its maximizing argument. Examples include…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-30 Raaz Dwivedi , Nhat Ho , Koulik Khamaru , Michael I. Jordan , Martin J. Wainwright , Bin Yu

Recent advances have shown that optimizing prompts for Large Language Models (LLMs) can significantly improve task performance, yet many optimization techniques rely on heuristics or manual exploration. We present LatentPrompt, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mateusz Bystroński , Grzegorz Piotrowski , Nitesh V. Chawla , Tomasz Kajdanowicz

Envelope method was recently proposed as a method to reduce the dimension of responses in multivariate regressions. However, when there exists missing data, the envelope method using the complete case observations may lead to biased and…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-25 Linquan Ma , Lan Liu , Wei Yang

When dealing with real-world optimization problems, decision-makers usually face high levels of uncertainty associated with partial information, unknown parameters, or complex relationships between these and the problem decision variables.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-01 Antonio Alcántara , Carlos Ruiz

Extreme Learning Machines (ELM) provide a fast alternative to traditional gradient-based learning in neural networks, offering rapid training and robust generalization capabilities. Its theoretical basis shows its universal approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Ergun Biçici

Normal mean-variance mixture distributions are widely applied to simplify a model's implementation and improve their computational efficiency under the Maximum Likelihood (ML) approach. Especially for distributions with normal mean-variance…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-06-18 Thanakorn Nitithumbundit , Jennifer S. K. Chan

We study optimization for losses that admit a variance-mean scale-mixture representation. Under this representation, each EM iteration is a weighted least squares update in which latent variables determine observation and parameter weights;…

Computation · Statistics 2026-02-17 Nick Polson , Vadim Sokolov

The Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm is a key reference for inference in latent variable models; unfortunately, its computational cost is prohibitive in the large scale learning setting. In this paper, we propose an extension of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-26 Gersende Fort , Eric Moulines , Hoi-To Wai

The inverse-free extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm proposed in [4] was based on an inverse-free algorithm to compute the regularized pseudo-inverse, which was deduced from an inverse-free recursive algorithm to update the inverse of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Hufei Zhu , Chenghao Wei

The Expectation-Maximization algorithm is perhaps the most broadly used algorithm for inference of latent variable problems. A theoretical understanding of its performance, however, largely remains lacking. Recent results established that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-30 Jeongyeol Kwon , Wei Qian , Constantine Caramanis , Yudong Chen , Damek Davis

Mixed linear regression involves the recovery of two (or more) unknown vectors from unlabeled linear measurements; that is, where each sample comes from exactly one of the vectors, but we do not know which one. It is a classic problem, and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-02-10 Xinyang Yi , Constantine Caramanis , Sujay Sanghavi

Maximum likelihood estimators are proposed for the parameters and the densities in a semiparametric density ratio model in which the nonparametric baseline density is approximated by the Bernstein polynomial model. The EM algorithm is used…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-02 Zhong Guan

Consider semi-supervised learning for classification, where both labeled and unlabeled data are available for training. The goal is to exploit both datasets to achieve higher prediction accuracy than just using labeled data alone. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-20 Xinwei Zhang , Zhiqiang Tan

Data mixing methods play a crucial role in semi-supervised learning (SSL), but their application is unexplored in long-tailed semi-supervised learning (LTSSL). The primary reason is that the in-batch mixing manner fails to address class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Hongwei Zheng , Linyuan Zhou , Han Li , Jinming Su , Xiaoming Wei , Xiaoming Xu

Maximum likelihood is the most widely used statistical estimation technique. Recent work by the authors introduced a general methodology for the construction of estimators for functionals in parametric models, and demonstrated improvements…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-09-29 Jiantao Jiao , Kartik Venkat , Yanjun Han , Tsachy Weissman

Maximum likelihood estimation is widely used in training Energy-based models (EBMs). Training requires samples from an unnormalized distribution, which is usually intractable, and in practice, these are obtained by MCMC algorithms such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Zhisheng Xiao , Qing Yan , Yali Amit