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We treat space and time as bona fide quantum degrees of freedom on an equal footing in Hilbert space. Motivated by considerations in quantum gravity, we focus on a paradigm dealing with linear, first-order Hamiltonian and momentum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-19 Ashmeet Singh

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) explains emergence of the thermodynamic equilibrium by assuming a particular structure of observable's matrix elements in the energy eigenbasis. Schematically, it postulates that off-diagonal…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-05-11 Jiaozi Wang , Mats H. Lamann , Jonas Richter , Robin Steinigeweg , Anatoly Dymarsky , Jochen Gemmer

A fundamental axiom of quantum mechanics requires the Hamiltonians to be Hermitian which guarantees real eigen-energies and probability conservation. However, a class of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with Parity-Time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-19 Yang Wu , Wenqiang Liu , Jianpei Geng , Xingrui Song , Xiangyu Ye , Chang-Kui Duan , Xing Rong , Jiangfeng Du

We show how the band structure and beam dynamics of non-Hermitian $PT$-symmetric sinusoidal optical lattices can be approached from the point of view of the equivalent Hermitian problem, obtained by an analytic continuation in the…

Optics · Physics 2015-05-20 H. F. Jones

The simple harmonic oscillator has a well-known normalizable, positive energy, bound state spectrum. We show that degenerate with each such positive energy eigenvalue there is a non-normalizable positive energy eigenstate whose…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 Philip D. Mannheim

This paper extends the property of interlacing of the zeros of eigenfunctions in Hermitian systems to the topological property of winding number in non-Hermitian systems. Just as the number of nodes of each eigenfunction in a self-adjoint…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-01-17 Stella T. Schindler , Carl M. Bender

According to von Neumann, the global Hamiltonian of whole universe must be Hermitian in order to keep the eigenvalues real and to construct a self-consistent quantum theory. In addition to the open system approach by introducing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-20 Minyi Huang , Ray-Kuang Lee

In this paper we investigate homogenization results for the principal eigenvalue problem associated to $1$-homogeneous, uniformly elliptic, second-order operators. Under rather general assumptions, we prove that the principal eigenpair…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-05-11 Gonzalo Dávila , Andrei Rodríguez-Paredes , Erwin Topp

We provide a mathematical framework for PT-symmetric quantum theory, which is applicable irrespective of whether a system is defined on R or a complex contour, whether PT symmetry is unbroken, and so on. The linear space in which…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Toshiaki Tanaka

Basic principles of the Hamilton approach developed for the metric General Relativity (Einstein`s GR) are discussed. In particular, we derive the Hamiltonian of the metric GR in the explicit form. This Hamiltonian is a quadratic function of…

General Physics · Physics 2016-01-15 Alexei M. Frolov

The goal of the paper is to investigate the dynamics of the eigenvalues of the Sturm-Liouville operator with summable PT-symmetric potential on the finite interval. It turns out that the case of a complex Airy operator presents an exactly…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-27 A. A. Shkalikov , S. N. Tumanov

Parity-time ($PT$) symmetric Hamiltonians are generally non-Hermitian and give rise to exotic behaviour in quantum systems at exceptional points, where eigenvectors coalesce. The recent realisation of $PT$-symmetric Hamiltonians in quantum…

We consider eigenvalue problems for elliptic operators of arbitrary order $2m$ subject to Neumann boundary conditions on bounded domains of the Euclidean $N$-dimensional space. We study the dependence of the eigenvalues upon variations of…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2017-06-02 Bruno Colbois , Luigi Provenzano

We present some properties of the first and second order Beltrami differential operators in metric spaces. We also solve the Schroedinger's equation for a wide class of potentials and describe spaces that the Hamiltonian of a system…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-11-16 Nikos Bagis

A generic PT-symmetric Hamiltonian is assumed tridiagonalized and truncated to N dimensions, and its up-down symmetrized special cases with J=[N/2] real couplings are considered. In the strongly non-Hermitian regime the secular equation…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2008-02-10 Miloslav Znojil

We show that similarity (or equivalent) transformations enable one to construct non-Hermitian operators with real spectrum. In this way we can also prove and generalize the results obtained by other authors by means of a gauge-like…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-08 Francisco M. Fernández

The existence of potentials for relativistic Schrodinger operators allowing eigenvalues embedded in the essential spectrum is a long-standing open problem. We construct Neumann-Wigner type potentials for the massive relativistic Schrodinger…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-02-10 Jozsef Lorinczi , Itaru Sasaki

The two surprising features of gravity are (a) the principle of equivalence and (b) the connection between gravity and thermodynamics. Using principle of equivalence and special relativity in the {\it local inertial frame}, one could obtain…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 T. Padmanabhan

We study small, PT-symmetric perturbations of self-adjoint double-well Schr\"odinger operators in dimension $n\geq 1$. We prove that the eigenvalues stay real for a very small perturbation, then bifurcate to the complex plane as the…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2016-06-22 Amina Benbernou , Naima Boussekkine , Nawal Mecherout , Thierry Ramond , Johannes Sjoestrand

In a recent paper Bender and Mannheim showed that the unequal-frequency fourth-order derivative Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator model has a realization in which the energy eigenvalues are real and bounded below, the Hilbert-space inner product is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-13 Carl M. Bender , Philip D. Mannheim