Related papers: The SOFIA Massive (SOMA) Star Formation Survey. II…
We present $\sim10-40\,\mu$m SOFIA-FORCAST images of 14 intermediate-mass protostar candidates as part of the SOFIA Massive (SOMA) Star Formation Survey. We build spectral energy distributions (SEDs), also utilizing archival Spitzer,…
We present an overview and first results of the Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy Massive (SOMA) Star Formation Survey, which is using the FORCAST instrument to image massive protostars from $\sim10$--$40\:\rm{\mu}\rm{m}$.…
We present $\sim10-40\,\mu$m SOFIA-FORCAST images of 11 isolated protostars as part of the SOFIA Massive (SOMA) Star Formation Survey, with this morphological classification based on 37 $\mu$m imaging. We develop an automated method to…
We present $\sim8-40\,\mu$m SOFIA-FORCAST images of seven regions of ``clustered" star formation as part of the SOFIA Massive (SOMA) Star Formation Survey. We identify a total of 34 protostar candidates and build their spectral energy…
We present centimeter continuum observations of seven high luminosity massive protostars and their surrounding sources in regions with multiple targets, as part of the SOFIA Massive (SOMA) Star Formation Survey. With data from the Very…
We present results from Very Large Array (VLA) radio continuum observations of twelve intermediate-mass (IM) protostars, as part of the \textit{SOFIA} Massive Star Formation Survey. Using these observations, we studied their morphology,…
We study centimeter continuum emission of eight high- and intermediate-mass protostars that are part of the SOFIA Massive (SOMA) Star Formation Survey, thus building extended spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from the radio to the…
We present 30 and 40 micron imaging of the massive protostar G35.20-0.74 with SOFIA-FORCAST. The high surface density of the natal core around the protostar leads to high extinction, even at these relatively long wavelengths, causing the…
(Abridged) We present radiation transfer simulations of a massive (8 Msun) protostar forming from a massive (Mc=60 Msun) protostellar core, extending the model developed by Zhang & Tan (2011). The two principal improvements are (1)…
Radiative transfer calculations of massive star formation are presented. These are based on the Turbulent Core Model of McKee & Tan and self-consistently included a hydrostatic core, an inside-out expansion wave, a zone of free-falling…
We examine eight young stellar objects in the OMC-2 star forming region based on observations from the SOFIA/FORCAST early science phase, the Spitzer Space Telescope, the Herschel Space Observatory, 2MASS, APEX, and other results in the…
We present radiation transfer (RT) simulations of evolutionary sequences of massive protostars forming from massive dense cores in environments of high surface densities. The protostellar evolution is calculated with a detailed multi-zone…
During massive star formation, dense gas undergoes chemical evolution, producing both simple and complex organic molecules (COMs) characteristic of hot molecular cores. How this evolution depends on protostellar physical properties remains…
Massive stars play a critical role in the evolution of galaxies, but their formation remains poorly understood. One challenge is accurate measurement of the physical properties of massive protostars, such as current stellar mass, envelope…
We present a continuum radiative transfer model grid for fitting observed spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of massive protostars. The model grid is based on the paradigm of core accretion theory for massive star formation with…
Hydrogen recombination lines (HRLs) are valuable diagnostics of the physical conditions in ionized regions around high-mass stars. Understanding their broadening mechanisms and intensity trends can provide insights into the densities,…
Astronomers have yet to establish whether high-mass protostars form from high-mass prestellar cores, similar to their lower-mass counterparts, or from lower-mass fragments at the heart of a pre-protostellar cluster undergoing large-scale…
We present infrared observations of the ultra-compact H II region W3(OH) made by the FORCAST instrument aboard SOFIA and by Spitzer/IRAC. We contribute new wavelength data to the spectral energy distribution, which constrains the optical…
Concatenating data from the millimetre regime to the infrared, we have performed spectral energy distribution modelling for 227 of the 405 millimetre continuum sources of Hill et al. (2005) which are thought to contain young massive stars…
We report on a multi-wavelength (IR to cm) and multi-resolution (1 mas to 20 arcsec) exploration of high-mass star formation regions in the Galactic plane, at longitudes observable from the Southern Hemisphere. Our source sample was…