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Flapan--Naimi--Pommersheim showed that every spatial embedding of $K_{10}$, the complete graph on ten vertices, contains a non-split three-component link; that is, $K_{10}$ is intrinsically triple-linked in $\mathbb{R}^3$. The work of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-10-26 Joel Foisy , Jared Federman , Kristin McNamara , Emily Stark

We classify all the maximal linklessly embeddable graphs of order 12 and show that their complements are all intrinsically knotted. We derive results about the connected domination numbers of a graph and its complement. We provide an answer…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-15 Gregory Li , Andrei Pavelescu , Elena Pavelescu

In 1930, Ramsey proved that every infinite graph contains either an infinite clique or an infinite independent set as an induced subgraph. K\"{o}nig proved that every infinite graph contains either a ray or a vertex of infinite degree. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-06 Sarah Allred , Guoli Ding , Bogdan Oporowski

We produce an infinite family of $2$-complexes that are intrinsically linked when embedded into four dimensions. In particular, we show that any embedding into $\mathbb{R}^4$ of the suspension of a graph containing $K_6$ as a minor contains…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Nathan Huber , Ishaan Raghavendra Rao , Hannah Schwartz Joseph , Tanishga Thankaraj Vijay

We present evidence in support of a conjecture that a bipartite graph with at least five vertices in each part and |E(G)| \geq 4 |V(G)| - 17 is intrinsically knotted. We prove the conjecture for graphs that have exactly five or exactly six…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2008-11-04 Sophy Huck , Alexandra Appel , Miguel-Angel Manrique , Thomas W Mattman

It has been an open question whether the deletion or contraction of an edge in an intrinsically knotted graph always yields an intrinsically linked graph. We present a new intrinsically knotted graph that shows the answer to both questions…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Thomas W. Mattman , Ramin Naimi , Andrei Pavelescu , Elena Pavelescu

We demonstrate the existence of minimal simplicial $n$-complexes which inevitably contain a nonsplittable two-component link formed by an $(n-1)$-sphere and an $n$-sphere in any embedding into $\mathbb{R}^{2n}$. This provides a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Ryo Nikkuni

A sharp asymptotic formula for the number of strongly connected digraphs on $n$ labelled vertices with $m$ arcs, under a condition $m-n\to\infty$, $m=O(n)$, is obtained; this solves a problem posed by Wright back in $1977$. Our formula is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-05-07 Boris Pittel

In 1983, Conway and Gordon proved that for every spatial complete graph on six vertices, the sum of the linking numbers over all of the constituent two-component links is odd, and that for every spatial complete graph on seven vertices, the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-05-19 Hiroko Morishita , Ryo Nikkuni

A matching $M$ in a graph $G$ is {\em connected} if $G$ has an edge linking each pair of edges in $M$. The problem to find large connected matchings in graphs $G$ with $\alpha(G)=2$ is closely related to Hadwiger's conjecture for graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-11 Rong Chen , Zijian Deng

Let $n$, $q$ and $r$ be positive integers, and let $K_N^n$ be the $n$-skeleton of an $(N-1)$-simplex. We show that for $N$ sufficiently large every embedding of $K_N^n$ in $\mathbb{R}^{2n+1}$ contains a link $L_1\cup\cdots\cup L_r$…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-01-21 Christopher Tuffley

We describe an algorithm that recognizes some (perhaps all) intrinsically knotted (IK) graphs, and can help find knotless embeddings for graphs that are not IK. The algorithm, implemented as a Mathematica program, has already been used by…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2013-10-10 Jonathan Miller , Ramin Naimi

Conway and Gordon proved that for every spatial complete graph on six vertices, the sum of the linking numbers over all of the constituent two-component links is odd, and Kazakov and Korablev proved that for every spatial complete graph…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-04-09 Hiroko Morishita , Ryo Nikkuni

A well-known theorem of Whitney states that a 3-connected planar graph admits an essentially unique embedding into the 2-sphere. We prove a 3-dimensional analogue: a simply-connected $2$-complex every link graph of which is 3-connected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-10 Agelos Georgakopoulos , Jaehoon Kim

A digraph is {\bf \( k \)-linked} if for arbitary two disjoint vertex sets \(\{s_1, \ldots, s_k\}\) and \(\{t_1, \ldots, t_k\}\), there exist vertex-disjoint directed paths \(P_1, \ldots, P_k\) {such that \(P_i\) is a directed path from…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Xiaoying Chen , Jørgen Bang-Jensen , Jin Yan , Jia Zhou

Finite order invariants (Vassiliev invariants) of knots are expressed in terms of weight systems, that is, functions on chord diagrams satisfying the four-term relations. Weight systems have graph analogues, so-called $4$-invariants of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-01 V. I. Zhukov

We study the reverse mathematics and computability of countable graph theory, obtaining the following results. The principle that every countable graph has a connected component is equivalent to $\mathsf{ACA}_0$ over $\mathsf{RCA}_0$. The…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-08-27 Kirill Gura , Jeffry L. Hirst , Carl Mummert

We prove that every embedding of $K_{2n+1,2n+1}$ into $\R^3$ contains a non-split link of $n$-components. Further, given an embedding of $K_{2n+1,2n+1}$ in $\R^3$, every edge of $K_{2n+1,2n+1}$ is contained in a non-split $n$-component link…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Danielle O'Donnol

For a graph G embedded in an orientable surface \Sigma, we consider associated links L(G) in the thickened surface \Sigma \times I. We relate the HOMFLY polynomial of L(G) to the recently defined Bollobas-Riordan polynomial of a ribbon…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-03-01 Iain Moffatt

We prove that every 3-connected planar graph on $n$ vertices contains an induced path on $\Omega(\log n)$ vertices, which is best possible and improves the best known lower bound by a multiplicative factor of $\log \log n$. We deduce that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-20 Louis Esperet , Laetitia Lemoine , Frédéric Maffray