Related papers: Cayley-Dickson Process and Centrally Essential Rin…

In this paper, we introduce a class of rings in which every nilpotent element is central. This class of rings generalizes so-called reduced rings. A ring $R$ is called {\it central reduced} if every nilpotent element of $R$ is central. For…

We introduce Central McCoy rings, which are a generalization of McCoy rings and investigate their properties. For a ring R, we prove that R is right Central McCoy if and only if the polynomial ring R[x] is right Central McCoy. Also, we give…

We consider the isomorphism problem for formal matrix rings over a given ring. Principal factor matrices of such rings play an important role in this case. The work is supported by Russian Scientific Foundation, project 23-21-00375 (P.A.…

It is proved that the ring $R$ with center $Z(R)$, such that the module $R_{Z(R)}$ is an essential extension of the module $Z(R)_{Z(R)}$, is not necessarily right quasi-invariant, i.e., maximal right ideals of the ring $R$ are not…

Let $D$ be a division ring with infinite center, $K$ a proper division subring of $D$ and $N$ an almost subnormal subgroup of the multiplicative group $D^*$ of $D$. The aim of this paper is to show that if $K$ is $N$-invariant and $N$ is…

Let $D$ be a cellular alternating link diagram on a closed orientable surface $\Sigma$. We prove that if $D$ has no removable nugatory crossings then each checkerboard surface from $D$ is $\pi_1$-essential and contains no essential closed…

Consider a homogeneous Poisson point process in a compact convex set in $d$-dimensional Euclidean space which has interior points and contains the origin. The radial spanning tree is constructed by connecting each point of the Poisson point…

Let $C$ denote a closed convex cone $C$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$ with apex at 0. We denote by $\mathcal{E}'(C)$ the set of distributions having compact support which is contained in $C$. Then $\mathcal{E}'(C)$ is a ring with the usual addition and…

In this paper, we give a further study in-depth of the pseudo $n$-strong Drazin inverses in an associative unital ring $R$. The characterizations of elements $a,b\in R$ for which $aa^{\tiny{\textcircled{\qihao…

Let $R$ be a ring and $Z(R)$ be the center of $R.$ The aim of this paper is to define the notions of centrally extended Jordan derivations and centrally extended Jordan $\ast$-derivations, and to prove some results involving these mappings.…

Let $G$ be a group and let $R$ be a $G$-graded ring. We show that a nonzero central idempotent in $R$ has finite support group in two broad settings: when $G$ is abelian, and when $G$ is arbitrary but the grading satisfies a certain…

In this paper, we introduce a new class of rings whose elements are a sum of a central element and a nilpotent element, namely, a ring $R$ is called$CN$ if each element $a$ of $R$ has a decomposition $a = c + n$ where $c$ is central and $n$…

For an extension A/B of neither necessarily associative nor necessarily unital rings, we investigate the connection between simplicity of A with a property that we call A-simplicity of B. By this we mean that there is no non-trivial ideal I…

Let $R$ be an associative ring with ${\bf 1}$ which is not commutative. Assume that any non-zero commutator $v\in R$ satisfies: $v^2$ is in the center of $R$ and $v$ is not a zero-divisor. (Note that our assumptions do not include finite…

Jacobson's commutativity theorem says that a ring is commutative if, for each $x$, $x^n = x$ for some $n > 1$. Herstein's generalization says that the condition can be weakened to $x^n-x$ being central. In both theorems, $n$ may depend on…

The Cayley-Dickson algebras R (real numbers), C (complex numbers), H (quaternions), O (octonions), S (sedenions), and T (trigintaduonions) have attracted the attention of several mathematicians and physicists because of their important…

Let $R$ be an associative ring with identity and let $N$ be a nil ideal of $R$. It is shown that units of $R/N$ can be lifted to units in $R$. Under some mild conditions on the ring, a procedure is given to determine those lifted units in a…

We introduce non-associative Ore extensions, $S = R[X ; \sigma , \delta]$, for any non-associative unital ring $R$ and any additive maps $\sigma,\delta : R \rightarrow R$ satisfying $\sigma(1)=1$ and $\delta(1)=0$. In the special case when…

Viewing the Cayley-Dickson process as a graded construction provides a rigorous definition of associativity consisting of three classes and the non-associative parts dividing into four types. These simplify the Moufang loop identities and…

In this paper we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for $ R=A\propto E $ to be a valuation ring where $E$ is a non-torsion or finitely generated $A-$module. Also, we investigate the $ (n,d) $ property of the valuation ring.