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Cyber insurance is a complementary mechanism to further reduce the financial impact on the systems after their effort in defending against cyber attacks and implementing resilience mechanism to maintain the system-level operator even though…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Shutian Liu , Quanyan Zhu

The cyber risk insurance market is at a nascent stage of its development, even as the magnitude of cyber losses is significant and the rate of cyber loss events is increasing. Existing cyber risk insurance products as well as academic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-09 Qikun Xiang , Ariel Neufeld , Gareth W. Peters , Ido Nevat , Anwitaman Datta

This study presents a critical review of disclosed, documented, and malicious cybersecurity incidents in the water sector to inform safeguarding efforts against cybersecurity threats. The review is presented within a technical context of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Amin Hassanzadeh , Amin Rasekh , Stefano Galelli , Mohsen Aghashahi , Riccardo Taormina , Avi Ostfeld , Katherine Banks

Understanding smart grid cyber attacks is key for developing appropriate protection and recovery measures. Advanced attacks pursue maximized impact at minimized costs and detectability. This paper conducts risk analysis of combined data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-08-29 Kaikai Pan , André Teixeira , Milos Cvetkovic , Peter Palensky

Social media analysis of disaster events is a critical task in crisis informatics research. It involves analyzing social media data generated during natural disasters, crisis events, or other mass convergence events. Due to the large data…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Gerard Casas Saez

With the advent of the digital era, every day-to-day task is automated due to technological advances. However, technology has yet to provide people with enough tools and safeguards. As the internet connects more-and-more devices around the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Abhilash Chakraborty , Anupam Biswas , Ajoy Kumar Khan

Although discourse around the risks of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has grown, it often lacks a comprehensive, multidimensional framework, and concrete causal pathways mapping hazard to harm. This paper aims to bridge this gap by examining…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ze Shen Chin

Cyberattacks have prominently increased over the past few years now, and have targeted actors from a wide variety of domains. Understanding the motivation, infrastructure, attack vectors, etc. behind such attacks is vital to proactively…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Chaitanya Rahalkar

With the ubiquitous nature of information technology solutions that facilitate communication in the modern world, cyber attacks are increasing in volume and becoming more sophisticated in nature. From classic network-based Denial of Service…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Rishabh Jindal , Adnan Anwar

The remarkable growth of digital assets, starting from the inception of Bitcoin in 2009 into a 1 trillion market in 2024, underscores the momentum behind disruptive technologies and the global appetite for digital assets. This paper…

Applications · Statistics 2024-09-02 Zhengming Li , Jianxi Su , Maochao Xu , Jimmy Yuen

How do individuals recover from cybercrimes? Victims experience various types of harm after cybercrimes, including monetary loss, data breaches, negative emotions, and even psychological trauma. The aspects that support their recovery…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Xiaowei Chen , Mindy Tran , Yue Deng , Bhupendra Acharya , Yixin Zou

Leaked passwords from data breaches can pose a serious threat to users if the password is reused elsewhere. With more online services getting breached today, there is still a lack of large-scale quantitative understanding of the risks of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-09 Chun Wang , Steve T. K. Jan , Hang Hu , Gang Wang

Recent high-profile cyber attacks exemplify why organizations need better cyber defenses. Cyber threats are hard to accurately predict because attackers usually try to mask their traces. However, they often discuss exploits and techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Ashok Deb , Kristina Lerman , Emilio Ferrara

Cyber risk classifications are widely used in the modeling of cyber event distributions, yet their effectiveness in out of sample forecasting performance remains underexplored. In this paper, we analyse the most commonly used…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Matteo Malavasi , Gareth W. Peters , Stefan Treuck , Pavel V. Shevchenko , Jiwook Jang , Georgy Sofronov

We hear it all too often in the media: an organization is attacked, its data, often containing personally identifying information, is made public, and a hacking group emerges to claim credit. In this excerpt, we discuss how such groups…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-01-27 Jana Shakarian , Paulo Shakarian , Andrew Ruef

Cyberattacks on e-commerce platforms have grown in sophistication, threatening consumer trust and operational continuity. This research presents a hybrid analytical framework that integrates statistical modelling and machine learning for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Fatimo Adenike Adeniya

Cyber assurance, which is the ability to operate under the onslaught of cyber attacks and other unexpected events, is essential for organizations facing inundating security threats on a daily basis. Organizations usually employ multiple…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Nan Sun , Chang-Tsun Li , Hin Chan , Md Zahidul Islam , Md Rafiqul Islam , Warren Armstrong

Efficient risk transfer is an important condition for ensuring the sustainability of a market according to the established economics literature. In an inefficient market, significant financial imbalances may develop and potentially…

General Economics · Economics 2023-08-17 Henry Skeoch , Christos Ioannidis

Cybercrime is a significant challenge to society, but it can be particularly harmful to the individuals who become victims. This chapter engages in a comprehensive and topical analysis of the cybercrimes that target individuals. It also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-19 Jason R. C. Nurse

Phishing constitutes more than 90\% of successful cyberattacks globally, remaining one of the most persistent threats to organizational security. Despite organizations tripling their cybersecurity budgets between 2015 and 2025, the human…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Rebeka Toth , Richard A. Dubniczky , Olga Limonova , Norbert Tihanyi