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Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is maturing quickly. However, the current approaches to its application in optical networks make it an expensive technology. QKD networks deployed to date are designed as a collection of point-to-point,…

The development and wide application of quantum technologies highly depend on the capacity of the communication channels distributing entanglement. Space-division multiplexing (SDM) enhanced channel capacities in classical telecommunication…

Ongoing technological progress is accelerating the commercial and global-scale deployment of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). Its ability to enable unconditionally secure communication is expected to be a key feature of future…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Davide Scalcon , Matteo Padovan , Paolo Villoresi , Giuseppe Vallone , Marco Avesani

In the diffraction-limited near-field propagation regime, free-space optical quantum key distribution (QKD) systems can employ multiple spatial modes to improve their key rate. Here, we analyze QKD using the non-orthogonal flat-top focused…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-07 Wenhua He , Saikat Guha , Jeffrey H. Shapiro , Boulat A. Bash

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols based on high-dimensional quantum states have shown the route to increase the key rate generation while benefiting of enhanced error tolerance, thus overcoming the limitations of two-dimensional QKD…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) generates symmetric keys between two remote parties, and guarantees the keys not accessible to any third party. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) between QKD and classical optical communications by…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers an unconditionally secure means of communication based on the laws of quantum mechanics. Currently, a major challenge is to achieve a QKD system with a 40 dB channel loss, which is required if we are to…

Mode-division multiplexing using multimode optical fibers has been intensively studied in recent years, in order to alleviate the transmission capacity crunch. Moreover, the need for secure information transmission based on quantum…

Twin-Field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) can beat the linear bound of repeaterless QKD systems. After the proposal of the original protocol, multiple papers have extended the protocol to prove its security. However, these works are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Wenyuan Wang , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Intermodal quantum key distribution enables the full interoperability of fiber networks and free-space channels, which are both necessary elements for the development of a global quantum network. We present a field trial of an intermodal…

For combining different single photon channels into single path, we use an effective and reliable technique which is known as quantum multiple access. We take advantage of an add-drop multiplexer capable of pushing and withdrawing a single…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-29 Vishal Sharma , Subhashish Banerjee

We perform quantum key distribution (QKD) in the presence of 4 classical channels in a C-band dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) configuration using a commercial QKD system. The classical channels are used for key distillation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Patrick Eraerds , Nino Walenta , Matthieu Legre , Nicolas Gisin , Hugo Zbinden

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the fastest-growing and relatively mature technology in the field of quantum information, enabling information-theoretically secure key distribution between two remote users. Although QKD based on…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the best candidate for securing communications against attackers, who may in the future exploit quantum-enhanced computational powers to break classical encryption. As such, new challenges are arising from…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a key exchange protocol which is implemented over free space optical links and optical fiber cable. When direct communication is not possible, QKD is performed over fiber cables, but the imperfections in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-14 Vishal Sharma , Subhashish Banerjee

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) can provide information-theoretically secure communications and is a strong candidate for the next generation of cryptography. However, in practice, the performance of QKD is limited by "practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-24 Wenyuan Wang

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) promises ultra-long secure key distribution which surpasses the rate distance limit and can reduce the number of the trusted nodes in long-haul quantum network. Tremendous efforts have been made…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) could help to share secure key between two distant peers. In recent years, twin-field (TF) QKD has been widely investigated because of its long transmission distance. One of the popular variants of TF QKD is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Yang-Guang Shan , Yao Zhou , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Shuang Wang , Wei Chen , De-Yong He , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

There exist several initiatives worldwide to deploy quantum key distribution (QKD) over existing fibre networks and achieve quantum-safe security at large scales. To understand the overall QKD network performance, it is required to…

We describe systems and methods for the deployment of global quantum key distribution (QKD) networks covering transoceanic, long-haul, metro, and access segments of the network. A comparative study of the state-of-the-art QKD technologies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-01 Jing Wang , Bernardo Huberman