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This work introduces the Gaussian integration to address a smoothing problem of a nonlinear stochastic state space model. The probability densities of states at each time instant are assumed to be Gaussian, and their means and covariances…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-14 Rohit Kumar Singh , Kundan Kumar , Shovan Bhaumik

Quantum tomography is a procedure to determine the quantum state of a physical system, or equivalently, to estimate the expectation value of any operator. It consists in appropriately averaging the outcomes of the measurement results of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 G. M. D'Ariano , L. Maccone , M. F. Sacchi

Quantum state tomography is a powerful, but resource-intensive, general solution for numerous quantum information processing tasks. This motivates the design of robust tomography procedures that use relevant resources as sparingly as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-17 Fernando G. S. L. Brandão , Richard Kueng , Daniel Stilck França

What knowledge can be obtained from the record of a continuous measurement about the quantum state the measured system was in at the beginning of the measurement? The task of quantum state retrodiction, the inverse of the more common state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-30 Jonas Lammers , Klemens Hammerer

An open quantum system leaks information into its environment. In some circumstances it is possible for an observer, say Alice, to recover that information, as a classical measurement record, in a variety of different ways, using different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Areeya Chantasri , Kiarn T. Laverick , Howard M. Wiseman

We introduce a straightforward numerical coarse-graining scheme to estimate quantum states for a set of noisy measurement outcomes, which are difficult to calibrate, that is based solely on the measurement data collected from these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-15 Yong Siah Teo , Jaroslav Rehacek , Zdenek Hradil

To improve the efficiency of the state tomography strategy via weak value, we have searched the optimal coupling strength between the system and measuring device. For an arbitrary d-dimensional quantum system, the optimal strengths being…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-23 Xuanmin Zhu , Dezheng Zhang , Runping Gao , Qun wei , Lixia Liu , Zijiang Luo

A quantum spline is a smooth curve parameterised by time in the space of unitary transformations, whose associated orbit on the space of pure states traverses a designated set of quantum states at designated times, such that the trace norm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-05 Dorje C. Brody , Darryl D. Holm , David M. Meier

This paper provides an alternative approach to the problem of preparing pure Gaussian states in a linear quantum system. It is shown that any pure Gaussian state can be generated by a cascade of one-dimensional open quantum harmonic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-28 Shan Ma , Matthew J. Woolley , Ian R. Petersen , Naoki Yamamoto

Particle smoothing enables state estimation in nonlinear and non-Gaussian state-space models, but its practical use is often limited by high computational cost. Backward smoothing methods such as the Forward Filter Backward Smoother (FFBS)…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-17 Genshiro Kitagawa

We have devised a simple numerical technique to treat rugged data points that arise due to the insufficient gain setting error (or quantization error) of a digital instrument. This is a very wide spread problem that all experimentalists…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2010-12-30 Ayan Paul , P. K. Mukhopadhyay

Probabilistic quantum state transformations can be characterized by the degree of state separation they provide. This, in turn, sets limits on the success rate of these transformations. We consider optimum state separation of two known pure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-20 Emilio Bagan , Vadim Yerokhin , Andi Shehu , Edgar Feldman , Janos A. Bergou

Quantum cooling, a deterministic process that drives any state to the lowest eigenstate, has been widely used from studying ground state properties of chemistry and condensed matter quantum physics, to general optimization problems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-06 Pei Zeng , Jinzhao Sun , Xiao Yuan

Preparing a quantum system in a pure state is ultimately limited by the nature of the system's evolution in the presence of its environment and by the initial state of the environment itself. We show that, when the system and environment…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-05 Francesco Ticozzi , Lorenza Viola

Using a perturbation technique, we derive a new approximate filtering and smoothing methodology generalizing along different directions several existing approaches to robust filtering based on the score and the Hessian matrix of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-06 Giuseppe Buccheri , Giacomo Bormetti , Fulvio Corsi , Fabrizio Lillo

Quantum tomography is a critically important tool to evaluate quantum hardware, making it essential to develop optimized measurement strategies that are both accurate and efficient. We compare a variety of strategies using nearly pure test…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-18 H. Sosa-Martinez , N. K. Lysne , C. H. Baldwin , A. Kalev , I. H. Deutsch , P. S. Jessen

With nowadays steadily growing quantum processors, it is required to develop new quantum tomography tools that are tailored for high-dimensional systems. In this work, we describe such a computational tool, based on recent ideas from…

Bayesian quantum estimation provides a robust framework for quantum technologies, especially in scenarios with limited data and minimal prior information. Yet, its application to continuous-variable Gaussian systems has remained limited and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Edward Gandar , Jesús Rubio

Quantum state tomography via local measurements is an efficient tool for characterizing quantum states. However it requires that the original global state be uniquely determined (UD) by its local reduced density matrices (RDMs). In this…

Quantum state tomography (QST) represents an essential tool for the characterization, verification, and validation (QCVV) of quantum processors. Only for a few idealized scenarios, there are analytic results for the optimal measurement set…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-27 Violeta N. Ivanova-Rohling , Niklas Rohling , Guido Burkard