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Classical measurement strategies in many areas are approaching their maximum resolution and sensitivity levels, but these levels often still fall far short of the ultimate limits allowed by the laws of physics. To go further, strategies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-09 David S. Simon

Several quantities of interest in quantum information, including entanglement and purity, are nonlinear functions of the density matrix and cannot, even in principle, correspond to proper quantum observables. Any method aimed to determine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-25 Matteo G. A. Paris

Adiabatic quantum computing is a universal model for quantum computing whose implementation using a gate-based quantum computer requires depths that are unreachable in the early fault-tolerant era. To mitigate the limitations of near-term…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-18 Ioannis Kolotouros , Ioannis Petrongonas , Miloš Prokop , Petros Wallden

Quantum correlations between parts of a composite system most clearly reveal themselves through entanglement. Designing, maintaining, and controlling entangled systems is very demanding, which raises the stakes for understanding the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Matthew A. Hunt , Igor V. Lerner , Igor V. Yurkevich , Yuval Gefen

We propose a method to "create" a new measurement output by exciting the system with a high-frequency oscillation. This new "virtual" measurement may be useful to facilitate the design of a suitable control law. The approach is especially…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-03-22 Pascal Combes , Al Kassem Jebai , François Malrait , Philippe Martin , Pierre Rouchon

In contrast to the standard quantum state tomography, the direct tomography seeks the direct access to the complex values of the wave function at particular positions (i.e., the expansion coefficient in a fixed basis). Originally put…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-18 Xuan-Hoai Thi Nguyen , Mahn-Soo Choi

Algorithms based on non-unitary evolution have attracted much interest for ground state preparation on quantum computers. One recently proposed method makes use of ancilla qubits and controlled unitary operators to implement weak…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-25 Tobias Stollenwerk , Stuart Hadfield

Robust, accurate and efficient quantum tomography is key for future quantum technologies. Traditional methods are impractical for even medium sized systems and are not robust against noise and errors. Here we report on an experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-27 Robert J. Chapman , Christopher Ferrie , Alberto Peruzzo

Simulating the dynamics of complex quantum systems is a central application of quantum devices. Here, we propose leveraging the power of measurements to simulate short-time quantum dynamics of physically prepared quantum states in classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-02 Paul K. Faehrmann , Jens Eisert , Maria Kieferova , Richard Kueng

We show that any unitary transformation performed on the quantum state of a closed quantum system, describes an inner, reversible, generalized quantum measurement. We also show that under some specific conditions it is possible to perform a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Paola Zizzi

Quantum correlations are key information about the structures and dynamics of quantum many-body systems. There are many types of high-order quantum correlations with different time orderings, but only a few of them are accessible to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-14 Ze Wu , Ping Wang , Tianyun Wang , Yuchen Li , Ran Liu , Yuquan Chen , Xinhua Peng , Ren-Bao Liu , Jiangfeng Du

The out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) is a powerful tool for probing quantum information scrambling, a fundamental process by which local information spreads irreversibly throughout a quantum many-body system. Experimentally measuring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Haruki Emori , Hiroyasu Tajima

In the field of monitored quantum circuits, it has remained an open question whether finite-time protocols for preparing long-range entangled states lead to phases of matter which are stable to gate imperfections, which can convert…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-22 Guo-Yi Zhu , Nathanan Tantivasadakarn , Ashvin Vishwanath , Simon Trebst , Ruben Verresen

Protocols for quantum measurement are an essential part of quantum computing. Measurements are no longer confined to the final step of computation but are increasingly embedded within quantum circuits as integral components of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Michal Krejčí , Lucie Krejčí , Ijaz Ahamed Mohammad , Martin Plesch , Martin Friák

Measurement is integral to quantum information processing and communication; it is how information encoded in the state of a system is transformed into classical signals for further use. In quantum optics, measurements are typically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-13 Daniel K. L. Oi , Vaclav Potocek , John Jeffers

Quantum advantage schemes probe the boundary between classically simulatable and classically intractable quantum dynamics. We explore the impact of mid-circuit measurements on the computational power of quantum circuits. To this effect, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Chenfeng Cao , Jens Eisert

In this work we demonstrate the use of adapted classical phase retrieval algorithms to perform control-free quantum phase estimation. We eliminate the costly controlled time evolution and Hadamard test commonly required to access the…

Quantum trajectories are Markov chains modeling quantum systems subjected to repeated indirect measurements. Their stationary regime depends on what observables are measured on the probes used to indirectly measure the system. In this…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Tristan Benoist , Sascha Lill , Cornelia Vogel

Variational algorithms for strongly correlated chemical and materials systems are one of the most promising applications of near-term quantum computers. We present an extension to the variational quantum eigensolver that approximates the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 William J. Huggins , Joonho Lee , Unpil Baek , Bryan O'Gorman , K. Birgitta Whaley

We examine the physical manifestations of exceptional points and passage times in a two-level system which is subjected to quantum measurements and which admits a non-Hermitian description. Using an effective Hamiltonian acting in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 A. Thilagam