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Safeguarding the intellectual property of machine learning models has emerged as a pressing concern in AI security. Model watermarking is a powerful technique for protecting ownership of machine learning models, yet its reliability has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Aoting Hu , Yanzhi Chen , Renjie Xie , Adrian Weller

We propose a high-payload image watermarking method for textual embedding, where a semantic description of the image - which may also correspond to the input text prompt-, is embedded inside the image. In order to be able to robustly embed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Benedetta Tondi , Andrea Costanzo , Mauro Barni

Watermarking has emerged as a key defense against the misuse of machine-generated images (MGIs). Yet the robustness of these protections remains underexplored. To reveal the limits of SOTA proactive image watermarking defenses, we propose…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Huajie Chen , Tianqing Zhu , Hailin Yang , Yuchen Zhong , Yang Zhang , Hui Sun , Heng Xu , Zuobin Ying , Lihua Yin , Wanlei Zhou

Watermarking has emerged as a promising technique for detecting texts generated by LLMs. Current research has primarily focused on three design criteria: high quality of the watermarked text, high detectability, and robustness against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Li An , Yujian Liu , Yepeng Liu , Yang Zhang , Yuheng Bu , Shiyu Chang

This paper presents a novel 2-3-3 LSB insertion method. The image steganography takes the advantage of human eye limitation. It uses color image as cover media for embedding secret message.The important quality of a steganographic system is…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2015-03-13 G. R. Manjula , Ajit Danti

Digital image watermarking is the process of embedding and extracting a watermark covertly on a cover-image. To dynamically adapt image watermarking algorithms, deep learning-based image watermarking schemes have attracted increased…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Xin Zhong , Pei-Chi Huang , Spyridon Mastorakis , Frank Y. Shih

The widespread use of JPEG images makes them good covers for secret messages storing and transmitting. This paper proposes a new algorithm for embedding information in JPEG images based on the steganographic QIM method. The main problem of…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Anna Melman , Pavel Petrov , Alexander Shelupanov

Watermarking for large language models (LLMs) offers a promising approach to identifying AI-generated text. Existing approaches, however, either compromise the distribution of original generated text by LLMs or are limited to embedding…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Ya Jiang , Chuxiong Wu , Massieh Kordi Boroujeny , Brian Mark , Kai Zeng

The capacity and security of the confidential message on the channel are two important challenges in steganography. In this paper, a new block steganography model is presented using the bargain method so that a competitive model is…

Latent-based watermarks, integrated into the generation process of latent diffusion models (LDMs), simplify detection and attribution of generated images. However, recent black-box forgery attacks, where an attacker needs at least one…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Xin Zhang , Zijin Yang , Kejiang Chen , Linfeng Ma , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Text watermarking aims to subtly embed statistical signals into text by controlling the Large Language Model (LLM)'s sampling process, enabling watermark detectors to verify that the output was generated by the specified model. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yixin Cheng , Hongcheng Guo , Yangming Li , Leonid Sigal

Hiding and securing the secret digital information and data that are transmitted over the internet is of widespread and most challenging interest. This paper presents a new idea of robust steganography using bitwise-XOR operation between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-12-20 Chandranath Adak

Binary embedding of high-dimensional data aims to produce low-dimensional binary codes while preserving discriminative power. State-of-the-art methods often suffer from high computation and storage costs. We present a simple and fast…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-01-26 Sung-Hsien Hsieh , Chun-Shien Lu , Soo-Chang Pei

Multiple watermarking technique, embedding several watermarks in one carrier, has enabled many interesting applications. In this study, a novel multiple watermarking algorithm is proposed based on the spirit of spread transform dither…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-01-19 Xinchao Li , Ju Liu , Jiande Sun , Xiaohui Yang , Wei Liu

Several learnable image encryption schemes have been developed for privacy-preserving image classification. This paper focuses on the security block-based image encryption methods that are learnable and JPEG-friendly. Permuting divided…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Tatsuya Chuman , Nobutaka Ono , Hitoshi Kiya

A semi-fragile watermarking scheme for multiple band images is presented in this article. We propose to embed a mark into remote sensing images applying a tree-structured vector quantization approach to the pixel signatures instead of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Jordi Serra-Ruiz , David Megías

In this paper, we propose a novel digital watermarking scheme in DCT domain based fuzzy inference system and the human visual system to adapt the embedding strength of different blocks. Firstly, the original image is divided into some 8…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-01-04 Sameh Oueslati , Adnane Cherif , Bassel Solaiman

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has heightened concerns about the misuse of AI-generated text, making watermarking a promising solution. Mainstream watermarking schemes for LLMs fall into two categories: logits-based and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Yidan Wang , Yubing Ren , Yanan Cao , Binxing Fang

Constructing and curating high-quality code datasets requires significant resources, making them valuable intellectual property. Unfortunately, these datasets currently face severe risks of unauthorized use. Although digital watermarking…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Haocheng Huang , Yuchen Chen , Weisong Sun , Peizhuo Lv , Yuan Xiao , Chunrong Fang , Yang Liu , Xiaofang Zhang

Watermarking plays a key role in the provenance and detection of AI-generated content. While existing methods prioritize robustness against real-world distortions (e.g., JPEG compression and noise addition), we reveal a fundamental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Zhongjie Ba , Yitao Zhang , Peng Cheng , Bin Gong , Xinyu Zhang , Qinglong Wang , Kui Ren