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Artificial intelligence (AI) is regarded as one of the most disruptive technology of the century and with countless applications. What does it mean for radiation protection? This article describes the fundamentals of machine learning (ML)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Sylvain Andresz , A Zéphir , Jeremy Bez , Maxime Karst , J. Danieli

Three generations of software have transformed the role of artificial intelligence in society. In the first, programmers wrote explicit logic; in the second, neural networks learned programs from data; in the third, large language models…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Thomas Bartz-Beielstein

The rapid growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has underscored the urgent need for responsible AI practices. Despite increasing interest, a comprehensive AI risk assessment toolkit remains lacking. This study introduces our Responsible AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Sung Une Lee , Harsha Perera , Yue Liu , Boming Xia , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Olivier Salvado , Jon Whittle

Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) proposes a framework that holds all stakeholders involved in the development of AI to be responsible for their systems. It, however, fails to accommodate the possibility of holding AI responsible per…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Gabriel Lima , Meeyoung Cha

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems impose substantial and growing environmental costs, yet transparency about these impacts has declined even as their deployment has accelerated. This paper makes three contributions. First, we collate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Kai Ebert , Boris Gamazaychikov , Philipp Hacker , Sasha Luccioni

Responsible AI principles provide ethical guidelines for developing AI systems, yet their practical implementation in software engineering lacks thorough investigation. Therefore, this study explores the practices and challenges faced by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Matheus de Morais Leça , Mariana Bento , Ronnie de Souza Santos

Artificial intelligence (AI) has a history of nearly a century from its inception to the present day. We have summarized the development trends and discovered universal rules, including both success and failure. We have analyzed the reasons…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Lin Zhang

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought significant challenges to the education and workforce skills required to take advantage of AI for human-AI collaboration in the workplace. As AI continues to reshape…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Margarida Romero

Sustainable development is a framework for achieving human development goals. It provides natural systems' ability to deliver natural resources and ecosystem services. Sustainable development is crucial for the economy and society.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Md. Tarek Hasan , Mohammad Nazmush Shamael , Arifa Akter , Rokibul Islam , Md. Saddam Hossain Mukta , Salekul Islam

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a transformative yet double-edged technology that can advance human welfare while also posing risks to humans and society. In response, the Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HCAI) approach has emerged…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Wei Xu

Today, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has a direct impact on the daily life of billions of people. Being applied to sectors like finance, health, security and advertisement, AI fuels some of the biggest companies and research institutions in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Dario Garcia-Gasulla , Atia Cortés , Sergio Alvarez-Napagao , Ulises Cortés

The burgeoning of AI has prompted recommendations that AI techniques should be "human-centered". However, there is no clear definition of what is meant by Human Centered Artificial Intelligence, or for short, HCAI. This paper aims to…

Awareness about the immense impact that artificial intelligence (AI) might have or already has made on the social, economic, political, and cultural realities of our world has become part of the mainstream public discourse. Attributes such…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Gordan Krekovic , Antonio Poscic , Dejan Grba

5G networks offer exceptional reliability and availability, ensuring consistent performance and user satisfaction. Yet they might still fail when confronted with the unexpected. A resilient system is able to adapt to real-world complexity,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Bho Matthiesen , Armin Dekorsy , Petar Popovski

Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a highly transformative technology take on a special role as both an enabler and a threat to UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). AI Ethics and emerging high-level policy efforts stand at the pivot point…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Mattias Brännström , Andreas Theodorou , Virginia Dignum

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been clearly established as a technology with the potential to revolutionize fields from healthcare to finance - if developed and deployed responsibly. This is the topic of responsible AI, which emphasizes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Stephanie Baker , Wei Xiang

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in high-risk, decision-making scenarios presents technical, safety, and normative challenges; problems that may only be ameliorated by human oversight. However, notions of human oversight lack a…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an important part of our everyday lives. We use it in self-driving cars and smartphone assistants. People often call it a "black box" because its complex systems, especially deep neural networks, are hard to…

Existing alignment research is dominated by concerns about safety and preventing harm: safeguards, controllability, and compliance. This paradigm of alignment parallels early psychology's focus on mental illness: necessary but incomplete.…

Throughout their history, homo sapiens have used technologies to better satisfy their needs. The relation between needs and technology is so fundamental that the US National Research Council defined the distinguishing characteristic of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Soheil Human , Ryan Watkins