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Meta-reinforcement learning (Meta-RL) has attracted attention due to its capability to enhance reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, in terms of data efficiency and generalizability. In this paper, we develop a bilevel optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Siyuan Xu , Minghui Zhu

The goal of reinforcement learning (RL) is to let an agent learn an optimal control policy in an unknown environment so that future expected rewards are maximized. The model-free RL approach directly learns the policy based on data samples.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-07-22 Syogo Mori , Voot Tangkaratt , Tingting Zhao , Jun Morimoto , Masashi Sugiyama

A fundamental challenge in multiagent reinforcement learning is to learn beneficial behaviors in a shared environment with other simultaneously learning agents. In particular, each agent perceives the environment as effectively…

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) is well-suitedd for solving complex tasks by breaking them down into structured policies. However, HRL agents often struggle with efficient exploration and quick adaptation. To overcome these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Arash Khajooeinejad , Fatemeh Sadat Masoumi , Masoumeh Chapariniya

Optimizing functions without access to gradients is the remit of black-box methods such as evolution strategies. While highly general, their learning dynamics are often times heuristic and inflexible - exactly the limitations that…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Robert Tjarko Lange , Tom Schaul , Yutian Chen , Tom Zahavy , Valentin Dallibard , Chris Lu , Satinder Singh , Sebastian Flennerhag

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms and evolution strategies (ES) have been applied to various tasks, showing excellent performances. These have the opposite properties, with DRL having good sample efficiency and poor stability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Kyunghyun Lee , Byeong-Uk Lee , Ukcheol Shin , In So Kweon

The objective of a reinforcement learning agent is to discover better actions through exploration. However, typical exploration techniques aim to maximize rewards, often incurring high costs in both exploration and learning processes. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Akane Tsuboya , Yu Kono , Tatsuji Takahashi

Most reinforcement learning (RL) methods only focus on learning a single task from scratch and are not able to use prior knowledge to learn other tasks more effectively. Context-based meta RL techniques are recently proposed as a possible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Xu Han , Feng Wu

Unrolled computation graphs arise in many scenarios, including training RNNs, tuning hyperparameters through unrolled optimization, and training learned optimizers. Current approaches to optimizing parameters in such computation graphs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Paul Vicol , Luke Metz , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein

A self-learning adaptive system (SLAS) uses machine learning to enable and enhance its adaptability. Such systems are expected to perform well in dynamic situations. For learning high-performance adaptation policy, some assumptions must be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Mingyue Zhang , Jialong Li , Haiyan Zhao , Kenji Tei , Shinichi Honiden , Zhi Jin

Natural Evolution Strategies (NES) is a promising framework for black-box continuous optimization problems. NES optimizes the parameters of a probability distribution based on the estimated natural gradient, and one of the key parameters…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Masahiro Nomura , Isao Ono

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms often struggle to find strategies close to Pareto optimal Nash Equilibrium, owing largely to the lack of efficient exploration. The problem is exacerbated in sparse-reward settings,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Zhicheng Zhang , Yancheng Liang , Yi Wu , Fei Fang

In meta reinforcement learning (meta RL), an agent learns from a set of training tasks how to quickly solve a new task, drawn from the same task distribution. The optimal meta RL policy, a.k.a. the Bayes-optimal behavior, is well defined,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Zohar Rimon , Aviv Tamar , Gilad Adler

Recent advancements in meta-learning have enabled the automatic discovery of novel reinforcement learning algorithms parameterized by surrogate objective functions. To improve upon manually designed algorithms, the parameterization of this…

We study how a Reinforcement Learning (RL) system can remain sample-efficient when learning from an imperfect model of the environment. This is particularly challenging when the learning system is resource-constrained and in continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Bradley Burega , John D. Martin , Luke Kapeluck , Michael Bowling

Offline meta-reinforcement learning aims to equip agents with the ability to rapidly adapt to new tasks by training on data from a set of different tasks. Context-based approaches utilize a history of state-action-reward transitions --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Mohammadreza Nakhaei , Aidan Scannell , Joni Pajarinen

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a machine learning approach that trains agents to maximize cumulative rewards through interactions with environments. The integration of RL with deep learning has recently resulted in impressive achievements…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Hui Bai , Ran Cheng , Yaochu Jin

Being able to seamlessly generalize across different tasks is fundamental for robots to act in our world. However, learning representations that generalize quickly to new scenarios is still an open research problem in reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Sarah Bechtle , Ludovic Righetti , Franziska Meier

Model-based Reinforcement Learning approaches have the promise of being sample efficient. Much of the progress in learning dynamics models in RL has been made by learning models via supervised learning. But traditional model-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Shagun Sodhani , Anirudh Goyal , Tristan Deleu , Yoshua Bengio , Sergey Levine , Jian Tang

We study reinforcement learning from human feedback in general Markov decision processes, where agents learn from trajectory-level preference comparisons. A central challenge in this setting is to design algorithms that select informative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Andreas Schlaginhaufen , Reda Ouhamma , Maryam Kamgarpour