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Related papers: Rerandomization in $2^K$ Factorial Experiments

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Rerandomization, a design that utilizes pretreatment covariates and improves their balance between different treatment groups, has received attention recently in both theory and practice. From a survey by Bruhn and McKenzie (2009), there…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-17 Yuhao Wang , Xinran Li

New inference methods for the multivariate coefficient of variation and its reciprocal, the standardized mean, are presented. While there are various testing procedures for both parameters in the univariate case, it is less known how to do…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-03-31 Marc Ditzhaus , Łukas Smaga

Despite their cost, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are widely regarded as gold-standard evidence in disciplines ranging from social science to medicine. In recent decades, researchers have increasingly sought to reduce the resource…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-24 Guilherme Duarte

Factorial experiments are ubiquitous in the social and biomedical sciences, but when units fail to comply with each assigned factors, identification and estimation of the average treatment effects become impossible without strong…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-06 Matthew Blackwell , Nicole E. Pashley

Given two 2-level factors of interest, a 2^2 split-plot design} (a) takes each of the $2^2=4$ possible factorial combinations as a treatment, (b) identifies one factor as `whole-plot,' (c) divides the experimental units into blocks, and (d)…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-02-15 Anqi Zhao , Peng Ding , Tirthankar Dasgupta

Balancing covariates is critical for credible and efficient randomized experiments. Rerandomization addresses this by repeatedly generating treatment assignments until covariate balance meets a prespecified threshold. By shrinking this…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-10 Jiuyao Lu , Tianruo Zhang , Ke Zhu

This paper introduces a kernel discrepancy-based framework for rerandomization to enhance the precision of causal inference in controlled experiments. We demonstrate that the kernel discrepancy is the key part of the variance upper bound…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-05 Yiou Li , Lulu Kang

Factorial designs with randomization restrictions are often used in industrial experiments when a complete randomization of trials is impractical. In the statistics literature, the analysis, construction and isomorphism of factorial designs…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-25 Neil A. Spencer , Pritam Ranjan , Franklin Mendivil

Rerandomization enforces covariate balance across treatment groups in the design stage of experiments. Despite its intuitive appeal, its theoretical justification remains unsatisfying because its benefits of improving efficiency for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-05 Xin Lu , Peng Ding

In this review, we present econometric and statistical methods for analyzing randomized experiments. For basic experiments we stress randomization-based inference as opposed to sampling-based inference. In randomization-based inference,…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-26 Susan Athey , Guido Imbens

We extend Fisher's randomization test (FRT) to test conditional independence between observed outcomes and treatments given covariates in both randomized experiments and observational studies, with no restriction on the variable type of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-12 Zhen Zhong

Randomization tests are based on a re-randomization of existing data to gain data-dependent critical values that lead to exact hypothesis tests under special circumstances. However, it is not always possible to re-randomize data in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-10-20 Dennis Dobler

Rerandomization systematically reduces chance imbalance and can improve the efficiency of the average treatment effect estimator in randomized experiments. While the asymptotic properties of finite-dimensional M-estimators under…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-28 Xinyuan Chen , Fan Li

Matching is a widely used causal inference design that aims to approximate a randomized experiment using observational data by forming matched sets of treated and control units based on similarities in their covariates. Ideally, treated…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-06 Jianan Zhu , Jeffrey Zhang , Zijian Guo , Siyu Heng

Power analyses are an important aspect of experimental design, because they help determine how experiments are implemented in practice. It is common to specify a desired level of power and compute the sample size necessary to obtain that…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-09 Zach Branson , Xinran Li , Peng Ding

The survey experiment is widely used in economics and social sciences to evaluate the effects of treatments or programs. In a standard population-based survey experiment, the experimenter randomly draws experimental units from a target…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-11 Pengfei Tian , Jiyang Ren , Yingying Ma

Randomized trials balance all covariates on average and provide the gold standard for estimating treatment effects. Chance imbalances nevertheless exist more or less in realized treatment allocations and intrigue an important question: what…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-18 Anqi Zhao , Peng Ding

Modern social and biomedical scientific publications require the reporting of covariate balance tables with not only covariate means by treatment group but also the associated $p$-values from significance tests of their differences. The…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-06 Anqi Zhao , Peng Ding

Re-randomization has gained popularity as a tool for experiment-based causal inference due to its superior covariate balance and statistical efficiency compared to classic randomized experiments. However, the basic re-randomization method,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-20 Zhaoyang Liu , Tingxuan Han , Donald B. Rubin , Ke Deng

The seminal work of Morgan and Rubin (2012) considers rerandomization for all the units at one time. In practice, however, experimenters may have to rerandomize units sequentially. For example, a clinician studying a rare disease may be…

Applications · Statistics 2018-04-17 Quan Zhou , Philip Ernst , Kari Lock Morgan , Donald Rubin , Anru Zhang