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Computed tomography (CT) is a key imaging modality for diagnosis, yet its clinical utility is marred by high radiation exposure and long turnaround times, restricting its use for larger-scale screening. Although chest radiography (CXR) is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Jianzhong You , Yuan Gao , Sangwook Kim , Chris Mcintosh

Medical image interpretation is central to most clinical applications such as disease diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognostication. In clinical practice, radiologists examine medical images and manually compile their findings into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Nurbanu Aksoy , Nishant Ravikumar , Alejandro F Frangi

The interpretation of medical images is a challenging task, often complicated by the presence of artifacts, occlusions, limited contrast and more. Most notable is the case of chest radiography, where there is a high inter-rater variability…

Radiology report generation (RRG) has attracted significant attention due to its potential to reduce the workload of radiologists. Current RRG approaches are still unsatisfactory against clinical standards. This paper introduces a novel RRG…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Zijian Zhou , Miaojing Shi , Meng Wei , Oluwatosin Alabi , Zijie Yue , Tom Vercauteren

Despite the success of deep neural networks in chest X-ray (CXR) diagnosis, supervised learning only allows the prediction of disease classes that were seen during training. At inference, these networks cannot predict an unseen disease…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Nasir Hayat , Hazem Lashen , Farah E. Shamout

Radiology report analysis provides valuable information that can aid with public health initiatives, and has been attracting increasing attention from the research community. In this work, we present a novel insight that the structure of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yutong Han , Yan Yuan , Lili Mou

We propose a deep learning based method for classification of commonly occurring pathologies in chest X-ray images. The vast number of publicly available chest X-ray images provides the data necessary for successfully employing deep…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-24 Mohammad S. Majdi , Khalil N. Salman , Michael F. Morris , Nirav C. Merchant , Jeffrey J. Rodriguez

To reduce the amount of required labeled data for lung disease severity classification from chest X-rays (CXRs) under class imbalance, this study applied deep active learning with a Bayesian Neural Network (BNN) approximation and weighted…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-01 Roy M. Gabriel , Mohammadreza Zandehshahvar , Marly van Assen , Nattakorn Kittisut , Kyle Peters , Carlo N. De Cecco , Ali Adibi

Chest radiography (CXR) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of various diseases. However, the inherent class imbalance in the distribution of clinical findings presents a significant challenge for current self-supervised deep learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Rajesh Madhipati , Sheethal Bhat , Lukas Buess , Andreas Maier

Existing metrics often lack the granularity and interpretability to capture nuanced clinical differences between candidate and ground-truth radiology reports, resulting in suboptimal evaluation. We introduce a Clinically-grounded tabular…

Machine learning models for radiology benefit from large-scale data sets with high quality labels for abnormalities. We curated and analyzed a chest computed tomography (CT) data set of 36,316 volumes from 19,993 unique patients. This is…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-14 Rachel Lea Draelos , David Dov , Maciej A. Mazurowski , Joseph Y. Lo , Ricardo Henao , Geoffrey D. Rubin , Lawrence Carin

Chest X-ray images are commonly used in medical diagnosis, and AI models have been developed to assist with the interpretation of these images. However, many of these models rely on information from a single view of the X-ray, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Lucas Wannenmacher , Michael Fitzke , Diane Wilson , Andre Dourson

Radiology is essential to modern healthcare, yet rising demand and staffing shortages continue to pose major challenges. Recent advances in artificial intelligence have the potential to support radiologists and help address these…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-14 Phillip Sloan , Edwin Simpson , Majid Mirmehdi

Medical image segmentation aims to identify and locate abnormal structures in medical images, such as chest radiographs, using deep neural networks. These networks require a large number of annotated images with fine-grained masks for the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Jiamin Chen , Xuhong Li , Yanwu Xu , Mengnan Du , Haoyi Xiong

Many real-world image recognition problems, such as diagnostic medical imaging exams, are "long-tailed" $\unicode{x2013}$ there are a few common findings followed by many more relatively rare conditions. In chest radiography, diagnosis is…

Modern deep learning implementations for medical imaging usually rely on large labeled datasets. These datasets are often difficult to obtain due to privacy concerns, high costs, and even scarcity of cases. In this paper, a label-efficient…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-11 Heet Nitinkumar Dalsania

The interpretation of chest radiographs is an essential task for the detection of thoracic diseases and abnormalities. However, it is a challenging problem with high inter-rater variability and inherent ambiguity due to inconclusive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Florin C. Ghesu , Bogdan Georgescu , Eli Gibson , Sebastian Guendel , Mannudeep K. Kalra , Ramandeep Singh , Subba R. Digumarthy , Sasa Grbic , Dorin Comaniciu

This work aims to analyze standard evaluation practices adopted by the research community when assessing chest x-ray classifiers, particularly focusing on the impact of class imbalance in such appraisals. Our analysis considers a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Candelaria Mosquera , Luciana Ferrer , Diego Milone , Daniel Luna , Enzo Ferrante

In many categorical response regression applications, the response categories admit a multiresolution structure. That is, subsets of the response categories may naturally be combined into coarser response categories. In such applications,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-25 Aaron J. Molstad , Keshav Motwani

Set classification aims to classify a set of observations as a whole, as opposed to classifying individual observations separately. To formally understand the unfamiliar concept of binary set classification, we first investigate the optimal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-29 Zhao Ren , Sungkyu Jung , Xingye Qiao