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We describe a framework for maintaining forest algebra representations that are of logarithmic height for unranked trees. Such representations can be computed in O(n) time and updated in O(log(n)) time. The framework is of potential…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Sarah Kleest-Meißner , Jonas Marasus , Matthias Niewerth

We study the problem of enumerating the answers to a query formulated in monadic second order logic (MSO) over an unranked forest F that is compressed by a straight-line program (SLP) D. Our main result states that this can be done after…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Markus Lohrey , Markus L. Schmid

We study how to evaluate MSO queries with free variables on trees, within the framework of enumeration algorithms. Previous work has shown how to enumerate answers with linear-time preprocessing and delay linear in the size of each output,…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-06-01 Antoine Amarilli , Pierre Bourhis , Stefan Mengel

In the last years, enumeration algorithms with bounded delay have attracted a lot of attention for several data management tasks. Given a query and the data, the task is to preprocess the data and then enumerate all the answers to the query…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Pierre Bourhis , Alejandro Grez , Louis Jachiet , Cristian Riveros

Given an $\mathbb{N}$-weighted tree automaton, we give a decision procedure for exponential vs polynomial growth (with respect to the input size) in quadratic time, and an algorithm that computes the exact polynomial degree of growth in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Paul Gallot , Nathan Lhote , Lê Thành Dũng Nguyên

We study the problem of enumerating the satisfying assignments for circuit classes from knowledge compilation, where assignments are ranked in a specific order. In particular, we show how this problem can be used to efficiently perform…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Antoine Amarilli , Pierre Bourhis , Florent Capelli , Mikaël Monet

Automata for unordered unranked trees are relevant for defining schemas and queries for data trees in Json or Xml format. While the existing notions are well-investigated concerning expressiveness, they all lack a proper notion of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-08-27 Adrien Boiret , Vincent Hugot , Joachim Niehren , Ralf Treinen

Query evaluation in monadic second-order logic (MSO) is tractable on trees and treelike instances, even though it is hard for arbitrary instances. This tractability result has been extended to several tasks related to query evaluation, such…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-07-19 Antoine Amarilli , Pierre Bourhis , Pierre Senellart

We present an algorithm that enumerates all the minimal triangulations of a graph in incremental polynomial time. Consequently, we get an algorithm for enumerating all the proper tree decompositions, in incremental polynomial time, where…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Nofar Carmeli , Batya Kenig , Benny Kimelfeld , Markus Kröll

We study the problem of learning properties of nodes in tree structures. Those properties are specified by logical formulas, such as formulas from first-order or monadic second-order logic. We think of the tree as a database encoding a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-09-25 Emilie Grienenberger , Martin Ritzert

Frequent tree mining asks us to enumerate tree patterns that occur frequently in a database of rooted trees. This problem is motivated by tree-structured data in bioinformatics, such as glycans and pseudoknot-free RNA secondary structures.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Kenta Komoto , Kazuhiro Kurita , Hirotaka Ono

Bounded treewidth and Monadic Second Order (MSO) logic have proved to be key concepts in establishing fixed-parameter tractability results. Indeed, by Courcelle's Theorem we know: Any property of finite structures, which is expressible by…

Databases · Computer Science 2008-09-19 Georg Gottlob , Reinhard Pichler , Fang Wei

In this paper we describe an approach to constraint-based syntactic theories in terms of finite tree automata. The solutions to constraints expressed in weak monadic second order (MSO) logic are represented by tree automata recognizing the…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Frank Morawietz , Tom Cornell

Enumeration algorithms have been one of recent hot topics in theoretical computer science. Different from other problems, enumeration has many interesting aspects, such as the computation time can be shorter than the total output size, by…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-07-16 Takeaki Uno

We present an efficient algorithm to reduce the size of nondeterministic tree automata, while retaining their language. It is based on new transition pruning techniques, and quotienting of the state space w.r.t. suitable equivalences. It…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-01-07 Ricardo Almeida , Lukáš Holík , Richard Mayr

We study the problem of evaluating a Monadic Second Order (MSO) query over strings under updates in the setting of direct access. We present an algorithm that, given an MSO query with first-order free variables represented by an unambiguous…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Pierre Bourhis , Florent Capelli , Stefan Mengel , Cristian Riveros

This paper presents a complete axiomatization of Monadic Second-Order Logic (MSO) over infinite trees. MSO on infinite trees is a rich system, and its decidability ("Rabin's Tree Theorem") is one of the most powerful known results…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Anupam Das , Colin Riba

We show that the query containment problem for monadic datalog on finite unranked labeled trees can be solved in 2-fold exponential time when (a) considering unordered trees using the axes child and descendant, and when (b) considering…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-04-03 André Frochaux , Martin Grohe , Nicole Schweikardt

We study ranked enumeration of join-query results according to very general orders defined by selective dioids. Our main contribution is a framework for ranked enumeration over a class of dynamic programming problems that generalizes…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Nikolaos Tziavelis , Deepak Ajwani , Wolfgang Gatterbauer , Mirek Riedewald , Xiaofeng Yang

Trees can accelerate queries that search or aggregate values over large collections. They achieve this by storing metadata that enables quick pruning (or inclusion) of subtrees when predicates on that metadata can prove that none (or all)…

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