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Despite their powerful chat, coding, and reasoning abilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently hallucinate. Conventional wisdom suggests that hallucinations are a consequence of a balance between creativity and factuality, which can…

Relation extraction is crucial for constructing knowledge graphs, with large high-quality datasets serving as the foundation for training, fine-tuning, and evaluating models. Generative data augmentation (GDA) is a common approach to expand…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Steven Rogulsky , Nicholas Popovic , Michael Färber

Prior works have shown that fine-tuning on new knowledge can induce factual hallucinations in large language models (LLMs), leading to incorrect outputs when evaluated on previously known information. However, the specific manifestations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Renfei Dang , Peng Hu , Zhejian Lai , Changjiang Gao , Min Zhang , Shujian Huang

Uncertainty estimation is a necessary component when implementing AI in high-risk settings, such as autonomous cars, medicine, or insurances. Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen a surge in popularity in recent years, but they are subject…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Gabriel Y. Arteaga , Thomas B. Schön , Nicolas Pielawski

In this paper, we address the problem of face hallucination by proposing a novel multi-scale generative adversarial network (GAN) architecture optimized for face verification. First, we propose a multi-scale generator architecture for face…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Hadi Kazemi , Fariborz Taherkhani , Nasser M. Nasrabadi

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being adopted as the cognitive core of embodied agents. However, inherited hallucinations, which stem from failures to ground user instructions in the observed physical environment, can lead to…

Typical methods for blind image super-resolution (SR) focus on dealing with unknown degradations by directly estimating them or learning the degradation representations in a latent space. A potential limitation of these methods is that they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Fengjun Li , Xin Feng , Fanglin Chen , Guangming Lu , Wenjie Pei

Recent years have witnessed the great advances of deep neural networks (DNNs) in light field (LF) image super-resolution (SR). However, existing DNN-based LF image SR methods are developed on a single fixed degradation (e.g., bicubic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Yingqian Wang , Zhengyu Liang , Longguang Wang , Jungang Yang , Wei An , Yulan Guo

It is well-known that modern computer vision systems often exhibit behaviors misaligned with those of humans: from adversarial attacks to image corruptions, deep learning vision models suffer in a variety of settings that humans capably…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Leonard Tang , Dan Ley

Machine unlearning is a promising paradigm for removing unwanted data samples from a trained model, towards ensuring compliance with privacy regulations and limiting harmful biases. Although unlearning has been shown in, e.g.,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-19 Yuyang Xue , Jingshuai Liu , Steven McDonagh , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

State-of-the-art language models (LMs) sometimes generate non-factual hallucinations that misalign with world knowledge. To explore the mechanistic causes of these hallucinations, we create diagnostic datasets with subject-relation queries…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Lei Yu , Meng Cao , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung , Yue Dong

Additional training of a deep learning model can cause negative effects on the results, turning an initially positive sample into a negative one (degradation). Such degradation is possible in real-world use cases due to the diversity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Akihito Yoshii , Susumu Tokumoto , Fuyuki Ishikawa

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse multimodal tasks but remain vulnerable to hallucinations rooted in inherent language bias. Despite recent progress, existing hallucination mitigation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yilin Yang , Zhenghui Guo , Yuke Wang , Omprakash Gnawali , Sheng Di , Chengming Zhang

Machine-learned language models have transformed everyday life: they steer us when we study, drive, manage money. They have the potential to transform our civilization. But they hallucinate. Their realities are virtual. This note provides a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Dusko Pavlovic

Most of the current face hallucination methods, whether they are shallow learning-based or deep learning-based, all try to learn a relationship model between Low-Resolution (LR) and High-Resolution (HR) spaces with the help of a training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-29 Junjun Jiang , Yi Yu , Jinhui Hu , Suhua Tang , Jiayi Ma

Adverse weather severely impairs real-world visual perception, while existing vision models trained on synthetic data with fixed parameters struggle to generalize to complex degradations. To address this, we first construct HFLS-Weather, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Fuyang Liu , Jiaqi Xu , Xiaowei Hu

``Phoneme Hallucinations (PH)'' commonly occur in low-bitrate DNN-based codecs. It is the generative decoder's attempt to synthesize plausible outputs from excessively compressed tokens missing some semantic information. In this work, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Jayeon Yi , Minje Kim

Previous studies in blind super-resolution (BSR) have primarily concentrated on estimating degradation kernels directly from low-resolution (LR) inputs to enhance super-resolution. However, these degradation kernels, which model the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-21 Huu-Phu Do , Po-Chih Hu , Hao-Chien Hsueh , Che-Kai Liu , Vu-Hoang Tran , Ching-Chun Huang

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the development of natural language processing (NLP), especially in text generation tasks like question answering. However, model hallucinations remain a major…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhongxin Liu , Zhiwei Wang , Jun Niu , Ying Li , Hongyu Sun , Meng Xu , He Wang , Gaofei Wu , Yuqing Zhang

Despite substantial advances, large language models (LLMs) continue to exhibit hallucinations, generating plausible yet incorrect responses. In this paper, we highlight a critical yet previously underexplored class of hallucinations driven…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Shaowen Wang , Yiqi Dong , Ruinian Chang , Tansheng Zhu , Yuebo Sun , Kaifeng Lyu , Jian Li